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Musculoskeletal > Tendon Problems > Flashcards

Tendon Problems Flashcards

1
Q

What is tendinosis?

A

Chronic tendon injury with injury to the tendon at cellular level

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2
Q

What is tenosynovitis?

A

Inflammation of the tendon sheath

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3
Q

What is ensinopathy?

A

inflammation of the tendon origin or the insertion into bone

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4
Q

Which mesoderm plate do tendons arise from?

A

Tendons arise from the lateral plate mesoderm

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5
Q

Predominant cells in tendons

A

Fibroblast (responsible for production and maintenance of collagen)

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6
Q

Tendon is composed mainly of which type of collagen?

A

Type 1 (90%)

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7
Q

Drugs that can affect tendons

A

Antibiotics, steroids

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8
Q

Which tendon problems could you treat with injection?

A

Rotator Cuff, Tennis Elbow

NOT ACHILLES TENDON OR EXTENSOR KNEE MECHANISM

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9
Q

What could you use decompression for?

A

Supraspinatous tendonitis

Subacromial decompression

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10
Q

Muscle most commonly affected in rotator cuff pathology?

A

Supraspinatous

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11
Q

Tenderness over which joints in rotator cuff pathology?

A

Glenohumeral and AC joint

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12
Q

Which head of the biceps is predominantly torn in biceps tendinopathy?

A

The long head

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13
Q

What can cause biceps tendinopathy?

A

Overuse, instability, impingement or trauma

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14
Q

Which movements aggravate biceps tendinopathy?

A

Shoulder flexion
Forearm pronation
Elbow flexion

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15
Q

Where is the pain felt in biceps tendinopathy? And where does it radiate to?

A

Anterior to the shoulder radiating to the elbow

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16
Q

When is biceps tendinopathy common?

A

It is common in occupations where heavy lifting or overhead work is typical

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17
Q

Clinical signs of biceps rupture

A

Clinical signs of a biceps tendon rupture include a popeye sign and extensive bruising

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18
Q

Risks of bicep rupture repair surgery

A

Surgical repair can be carried out but runs a high risk of neurovascular complications especially the distal end

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19
Q

What is golfer’s elbow?

A

Inflammation of the flexor forearm muscles

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20
Q

Aggravation of Golfer’s elbow (medial epicondylitis)

A

The pain is aggravated by wrist flexion and pronation

Also worse e.g. when grasping jar

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21
Q

What is Golfer’s elbow associated with?

A

Ulnar neuropathy/muscle weakness

22
Q

Treatment for Golfer’s elbow

A

rest, physio, modification activities, orthotics, inject or surgical release

23
Q

Main test for Golfer’s elbow

A

Sore upon wrist flexion and pronation

Also when grasping jar

24
Q

When is pain worse in tennis elbow?

A

When stretched e.g. opening jar

25
Q

Who is De Quervains Tenosynovitis common in and what is it associated with?

A

Most common in women aged 30-50 and is associated with pregnancy and rheumatoid arthritis

26
Q

What test could you do for De Quervains Tenosynovitis?

A

Finklesteins test

27
Q

What should you rule out when investigating De Quervains Tenosynovitis?

A

OA of the CMC joints (do X-ray to rule this out)

28
Q

What kind of patients are more susceptible to achilles tendinopathy?

A

Rheumatoid arthritis
Those on steroids
Patients with tendonitis

29
Q

Which test could you use to help confirm achilles tendinopathy?

A

Simmonds test (squeeze calf and leg moves)

30
Q

Clinical findings of achilles tendinopathy

A

Palpable gap
Unable to stand on tiptoes
Bruising
Simmonds test positive

31
Q

Predominant cell in a tendon

A

Fibroblast

32
Q

Blood supply to the tendon

A

Perimysium
Periosteal insertion of the tendon
Paratenon

33
Q

What is paratenon?

A

The fatty material between a tendon and its sheath

34
Q

Tendon transfer

A

Tibialis posterior

Extensor pollicis longus

35
Q

Pain in anterior shoulder radiating to elvow

A

Biceps tendinopathy

36
Q

When is biceps tendinopathy aggravated?

A

Shoulder flexion
Elbow flexion
Forearm pronation

37
Q

How would you diagnose biceps tendinopathy?

A

Clinical exam and ultrasound

38
Q

Clinical signs of biceps rupture?

A

Popeye sign and extensive bruising

39
Q

How do you aggravate medial epicondylitis?

A

Wrist flexion and forearm pronation

40
Q

Medial epicondyle pain worse on grasping (e.g. opening jar)

A

Medial epicondylitis

lateral epicondylitis can also hurt when opening jar

41
Q

Investigation for medial epicondylitis if diagnosis is uncertain?

A

MRI or USS

42
Q

Test for lateral epicondylitis?

A

Mills test

43
Q

Test for De Quervain’s tenosynovitis?

A

Finkelstein’s test

44
Q

What is De Quervain’s tenosynovitis associated with?

A

Pregnancy and RA

45
Q

Pain over radial styloid process?

A

De Quervain’s tenosynovitis

46
Q

Finklestein’s test?

A

Patient makes fist over thumb and hand is ulnar deviated to reproduce pain

Can be used in De Quervain’s tenosynovitis

47
Q

Drugs which could cause extensor knee problems?

A

Antibiotics, steroids

Also associated with diabetes

48
Q

What might x-ray show if you have extensor knee problems?

A

Effusion or the patela sitting in the wrong place :(

49
Q

Treatment for extensor knee problems

A

Surgery

50
Q

Surgical repair of quadriceps and patellar tendon

A

Typically done using sutures with bony anchors

-Open approach

51
Q

Clinical findings of achilles tendinopathy

A

Palpable gap
unable to tiptoe stand
bruising
Simmonds test/thomsons test

Musculoskeletal (44 decks)

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