Easy sarah gill Flashcards
Which ligament links the vertebral laminae?
Ligamentum flavum (this is tough and elastic)
Ligaments of the spine
Anterior longitudinal ligament Posterior longitudinal ligament Ligamentum Flavum Supraspinous ligament Intraspinous ligament
Superficial muscles of the spine
Trapezius
Lattisimus dorsi
Rhomboid minor and major
Levator scaplaris
Innervation of trapezius?
Accessory nerve CNXI
Function of the trapezius?
Elevates and depresses scapula
Latissimus dorsi innervation?
C6, C7, C8
Adducts, extends, internally rotates humerus?
Latissimus dorsi
Innervation of rhomboid major and minor?
Dorsal scapula nerve
Keeps scapula against thoracic wall, retracts scapula?
Rhomboid major and minor
Origin and insertion of levator scapularis?
Transverse process of C1 –> superior angle of scapula
Innervation of levator scapularis?
C4/C5
Function of the levator scapularis?
Elevates scapula
Erector spinae muscles
Iliocostalis
Longisimus thoracis
Spinalis thoracis
Innervation of the erector spinae?
Posterior rami of the spinal nerves
Ligaments of the spine
Anterior longitudinal ligament Posterior longitudinal ligament Ligamentum Flavum Supraspinous ligament Interspinous ligament
Iliacus origin and insertion
Origin: iliac crest
Insertion: lesser trochanter of femur
Psoas major origin and insertion
Origin: transvers processes L1-L5
Insertion: lesser trochanter
Rectus femoris origin and insertion
Origin: AIIS
Insertion: tibia via patella tendon
Sartorius origin and insertion
Origin: ASIS
Insertion: tibia
Secondary hip flexors
Rectus femoris and sartorius
Hip adductors
ADDUCTR BREVIS ADDUCTOR LONGUS ADDUCTOR MAGNUS PECTINEUS GRACILIS
Origin and insertion of hip adductors
Origin: inferior pubic rami
Insertion: linea aspera, pectineal line, tibia
Origin and insertion of gluteus minimus/medius
Origin: iliac wing
Insertion: greater trochanter of femur
Tensor fascia lata origin and insertion
Origin: iliac crest
Insertion: lateral tibia (via iliotibial tract)
Hip abductors
Gluteus minimus, gluteus medius, tensor fascia lata
Hip extensors
Gluteus maximus
Origin and insertin of gluteus maximus
Origin: posterior aspect of ilum
Insertion: iliotibial tract
Hip extensors/knee flexors
Quadriceps muscles
Biceps femoris
Semimebranous
Semitendinous
Biceps femoris origin and insertion
Origin: Long head: Ischial tuberosity
Short head: Linea aspera
Insertion: Fibula head
Semimembranous origin and insertion?
Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Posterior tibia
Semitendinous origin and insertion?
Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Medial tibia
Functions of the meniscus?
Load transfer (“shock absorbers”)
Increase femero-tibial conformity
Stabilise the knee during movement
Lubricate the knee
Factors which predispose to patellar instability/dysfunction
Genu valgum
Femoral head anteversion
Weak quadriceps (vastus medialis)
Ligamentous laxity
Where do the quadriceps muscles insert?
Common insertion = tibia via the patellar tendon!!
Rectus femoris origin
AIIS
Vastus intermedius origin
Anterolateral proximal femur
Vastus medialis origin
Medial edge linea aspera
Greater trochanter
Vastus lateralis origin
Medial edge linea aspera
Lesser trochanter
Nerve supply to anterior compartment of leg
Deep peroneal nerve
Nerve supply to lateral compartment of leg
Superficial peroneal nerve
Nerve supply to deep posterior compartment of leg
Tibial nerve
Nerve supply to superficial compartment of leg
Median sural cutaneous nerve
Ankle plantar flexors
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris
Origin of gastrocnemeus
Femoral condyles
Origin of soleus
Broad area on posterior tibia/fibula
Origin of plantaris?
Lateral femoral condyle
Where do the ankle plantar flexors insert?
Calcaenus via ACHILLES TENDON!
Ankle dorsiflexors
Tibialis anterior
Origin and insertion of tibialise anterior?
Origin: Lateral surface proximal tibia
Insertion: Medial cuneiform Base 1st metatarsal
Medial ankle ligament
Deltoid
Lateral ankle ligaments
Lateral ligament complex
Tibialis posterior tendon origin and insertion
Origin: Posterior proximal tibia / fibula
Insertion: Navicular / plantar surface of medial cuneifrom
Calcaneonavicular ligament also called…
Spring ligament
-supports the medial arch
Plantar fascia origin and insertion
Origin: Tuberosity of calcaneus
Insertion: Heads of metatarsals