Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Musculoskeletal > Knee > Flashcards

Knee Flashcards

1
Q

What could cause a haemarthrosis in the knee?

A

ACL

Fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is likely to cause an effusion?

A

Meniscal or chondral injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

If there is pain in the joint line, what might this be?

A

meniscal/chondral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How can you check for effusion/haemarthosis?

A

Wipe test

Patellar ballottement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Gap in extensor mechanism?

A

Quad or PT rupture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Pain in the joint lines?

A

Meniscus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Pain on the bony prominences?

A

Fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does straight leg raising assess?

A

The integrity of the extensor mechanism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Meniscal provocation test?

A

McMurrays

-Pain or palpable click suggests meniscal tear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Movements to check knee?

A

Straight leg raise (extensor mechanism)
Extension (springy block to full extension indicated locked knee-displaced bucket handle tear)
Flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Ligament Tests

A

May be difficult in acute setting

Look for abnormal laxity compared to contralateral knee and for end point

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When checking for MCL and LCL injuries, why do you flex the knee to 30º?

A

To relax the posterior capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which ligament tear does the Lachman test look for?

A

Anterior cruciate ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Tests for anterior cruciate ligament?

A

FIRST, check no posterior sag (PCL, would give false positive)
Lachman test at 30º
Anterior drawer test at 30º

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Tests for posterior cruciate ligament?

A

Posterior sag at 90º

Posterior drawer test at 90º

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

If you have a suspected tibial plateau fracture, what investigation should you carry out?

A

CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Investigation for fracture/bony avulsion?

A

X-ray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are 50% of ACL tears associated with?

How would you investigate?

A

50% of ACL tears are associated with meniscal tears

Investigate with MRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What could happen if a bucket handle tear isn’t repaired?

A

Could develop a fixed flexion deformity

20
Q

The 3 grades of ligament tear?

A

Grade 1: some fibres tear but macroscopic structure still in tact
Grade 2: partial tear with some fascicles disrupted
Grade 3: complete tear

21
Q

Surgery for MCL tear?

A
  • usually heals well even if complete tear unless combined with ACL or PCL rupture
  • brace, early motion, physio
  • Pain can take several months to settle
  • If combined ACL & MCL rupture may consider early ACL reconstruction + MCL repair

-Rarely requires surgery – advancement or reconstruction with tendon graft

22
Q

Which ligament is the main stabiliser against internal rotation of the tibia?

23
Q

ACL rupture

A

ACL is main stabiliser against IR of tibia
Usually sports injury – football, rugby, skiing
ACL repair doesn’t work  reconstruction only
Autograft – Patellar tendon or hamstrings
Allograft – Achilles
(synthetic graft)
ACL can stick to PCL to give some stability
Physio can stabilise ACL deficient knees

24
Q

Which nerve is commonly damaged following an LCL injury?

A

Common peroneal nerve palsy

25
How quickly should you aim to repair LCL tears?
You should aim to repair them quickly (i.e. within 2-3 weeks) If you repair them later, you are probably going to have to do a reconstructio
26
An injury to which ligament to lead to a feeling of instability when going down the stairs?
PCL
27
Wn injury to which ligament could present with popliteal knee pain and bruising?
PCL
28
Is a PCL injury usually isolated?
No, usually occurs with other injury
29
Complications of high energy knee dislocation?
- Popliteal artery injury - Common peroneal nerve injury - Compartment syndrome
30
How might you dislocate your patellar?
Rapid turn or direct blow
31
Extensor mechanism rupture?
- Falling onto flexed knee with quads contraction - Previous tendonitis - Steroids - Chronic renal failure (CIPROFLOXACIN)
32
Which test can people with extensor mechanism rupture not do?
The can't do a straight leg raise and there is a palpable gap -Needs surgical repair
33
If you fall onto your knee with quad contraction what might happen?
You might rupture your extensor mechanism
34
How might an osteochondral injury heal?
It may heal with fibrocartilage - If not, you can do surgery (drilling, microfracture, culture, osteochondral plugs) - Surgery only for smaller lesions and NOT OA
35
What does the PCL prevent?
PCL prevents hyperextension and anterior translation of femur
36
What is the principle role of the ACL?
To prevent internal rotation of the tibia
37
What is the function of the LCL?
The LCL prevents external rotation of the tibia, it also prevents against varus force
38
Effusion, joint line tenderness, pain on tibial rotation, localising to the affected compartment?
Meniscal tear
39
Meniscal tear
Effusion, joint line tenderness, pain on tibial rotation localising to the affected compartment (Steinman's test)
40
Why are medial meniscal tears more common than lateral meniscal tears?
The medial meniscus is more fixed and less mobile than the lateral meniscus and the force from pivoting movements is centred on the medial compartment
41
Which part of the meniscus has a blood supply?
The outer 1/3rd of the meniscus has a blood supply therefore, the meniscus has limited healing potential Healing potential also decreases with age (over about 25-30, healing rates are poor) and with increased time from injury
42
Which type of meniscal tear should be considered for surgery?
Longitudinal in the outer 1/3rd of the meniscus in a younger patient Repair involves suturing the meniscus to its bed (25% of repairs still fail though and require arthroscopic menisectomy)
43
Principle complaint of ACL?
Rotatory instability with giving way on turning
44
What does the PCL do?
PCL prevents hyperextension and anterior translation of the femur
45
Approximately what percentage of patients suffer from unexplained pain following a TKR?
15%
46
Which is harder, a TKR or revision of knee replacement surgery?
Revision surgery is a bigger undertaking than the original TKR

Musculoskeletal (44 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions