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Neuro > Tumors of the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves > Flashcards

Tumors of the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Classification of astrocitomas

A

Pilocytic
Diffuse
Anaplastic
Glioblastoma

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2
Q

Pilocytic astrocytoma tumor

A

children and young adults
infratentorially or allow the optic pathways and thalamic regions

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3
Q

Difusse astrocytoma localization

A

supratentorial within the temporal frontal lobe

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4
Q

Diffuse astrocytoma characteristics

A

Microscopically benign (infiltration of microcitis but no necrosis, no microvascular progeneration…)
Beiological malignant (infiltrative growth. Survival up to 10 years

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5
Q

Diffuse astrocytoma treatment

A

Surgery is the best but also chemo

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6
Q

Anaplastic astrocytoma characteristics

A

no haemorrage or necrosis but nucleus polymorphous, hyper cellular mitosis, microvascular proliferation, endothelial proliferation.
Survival up to 3 years

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7
Q

When does the patient has longer survival

A

when mutation of IDH is grade 2

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8
Q

Most frequent glioma

A

Glioblastoma

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9
Q

Glioblastoma age of presentation

A

50/60 years

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10
Q

Glioblastoma characteristics

A

Central necrosis, edema

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11
Q

Glioblastoma localization

A

white matter of hemisphere, basal and thalamus
Necrosis and microvascular proliferation

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12
Q

Oligodendroglioma localization

A

Supratentorial (more than 90%)

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13
Q

Ependymomamas age

A

All but more in children

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14
Q

Ependymomas localization

A

Arise in the region of 4th ventricle
Posterior fossa in children. In adults spinal ependymomas are commoner than intracranial

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15
Q

Types of Ependymomas

A

Mixopapillary (grade I)
Ependymoma (grade II)
Anaplastic ependymoma (grade III)

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16
Q

Rossette is characteristic in

A

Ependymomas

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17
Q

Diffuse midline glioma mutation

A

H3K27 mutation (histone mutation)

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18
Q

Diffuse midline glioma age

A

Children young adults

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19
Q

Schwannoma is it benign or malign?

A

Benign tumor of the Schwann cells that envelops cranial nerves, most commonly VIII and V

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20
Q

Schwannoma characteristic

A

VIII: Progressive unilateral hearing loss, tintinnus and vertigo
V, VII: facial sensory loss and facial weaknes. Hydrocephalus due to compression of brainstem

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21
Q

Meningioma age

A

Females after 50 years

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22
Q

Meningioma localization

A

parasagital region, sphenoid wing, spinal cord (thoracic segment). Rarely invade the brain

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23
Q

Meningioma characteristics

A

Intradural tumor, well-demarked, compressing the brain/spinal cord

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24
Q

Medulloblastoma age

A

Embrional tumor

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25
Q

Medulloblastoma localization

A

Cerebellum or posterior fosa

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26
Q

Medulloblastoma characteristic

A

Invasive, rapidly growing, metastasize

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27
Q

Drop metastasis

A

In medulloblastoma metastasis all the way down to cauda equina at the base of the spinal cord

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28
Q

Types of pineal gland tumors

A

Pinealocytoma (benign)
Pinealoblastoma (WHO IV)

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29
Q

Clinical presentation of intracranial tumor

A

headache which worsens with activity
Hemiparesis, cognitive disfunction, ataxia, aphasia, Cranial nerve involvement
Seizures
Increased intracranial pressure: headache, disturbance of consciousness, vomiting, visual problems
Bitemporal hemianopsia (if is compressing chiasma optic)
Hearing loss (acoustic neuroma)
Intractable epilepsy

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30
Q

most common brain tumor in pediatric

A

medulloblastoma

31
Q

most common brain tumor in adults

A

metástasis and then hemangioblastoma or glioblastoma

32
Q

Extramedulary tumours of the spinal cord

A

Schwannoma
Meningioma

33
Q

Medullary tumors of the spinal cord

A

Ependymoma
Midline gliomas
Myxopapilary ependymoma of cauda equina

34
Q

Neurofibromatosis type 1. Clinical

A

Skin: cafe-au-lait spots, multiple neurofibromas, axial and inguinal freckling
Eyes: Iris hamartomas-Lish nodules
Cranial nerve: optic nerve glima

35
Q

Neurofibromatosis type 2. Clinical

A

Bilateral vestibular scwannomas
Bilateral acustic neurinoma
multiples meningiomas
Gliomas, neurofibromas, cataract
Glial hamartomas, meningioangiomatosis, intracranial calcifications

36
Q

Meningioma common localization

A

Thoracic segment

37
Q

Most common manifestation of low-grade pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma

A

Epilepsy

38
Q

Most common localisation of pilocytic astrocytoma in children

A

Little brains

39
Q

Drug patient with malignant edematous tumor

A

Dexamethasone

40
Q

Where are tumours most commonly found in children

A

Infratentorial

41
Q

Where are brain metastases most commonly found

A

At the boundary (perímetro) between white and grey matter

42
Q

Tumour in which calcifications are characteristic

A

Oligondendroglioma

43
Q

Most common glioma

A

Glioblastoma

44
Q

Ependymoma in adult is in

A

Conus medullaris and filum terminale

45
Q

Spinal ,meningiomas are most commonly seen in (age)

A

Older women

46
Q

Cranial nerve most affected by neurinoma

A

VIII

47
Q

Pituitary adenoma is most commonly secreted by

A

Prolactin

48
Q

Tumour in left brainstem presentation

A

Affected sensation of temperature and pain in the ipsilateral side of the face and contra lateral side of the body

49
Q

Tumour characteristic of neurofibromatosis type 2

A

Bilateral VIII cranial nerve schwannoma

50
Q

Tumour than commonly occludes nerves in the sphenoid sinus

A

Meningeom

51
Q

76 years old cerebellum tumour is likely to be

A

Metastasis

52
Q

Tumour causing hearing problems is likely to have arisen from

A

Schwann cells

53
Q

Brain tumour and daily complex partial seizures. Which antiepileptic to use

A

Levetiracetam

54
Q

Most favourable prognosis

A

Pilocytic astrocytoma

55
Q

Worst prognosis

A

Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma

56
Q

Bitemporal quadrantopsy of the upper quadrants causes

A

Pituitary adenoma

57
Q

A tumor with hyperosteosis is likely to be

A

Meningiom

58
Q

Which tumour is treated with radiotherapy and temozolomide

A

Glioblastoma

59
Q

Tumour in cerebellum of 35 years old man is likely to be

A

Hemangioblastoma

60
Q

The most common brainstem tumour is

A

Glioma

61
Q

Cystic tumour in cerebellum of child is likely to be

A

Pilocytic astrocytoma

62
Q

Vision problems for 3 weeks, limited upward vision, poor pupillary reactions, convergence nystagmus at rest

A

Parinaud syndrome

63
Q

MRI Parinaud syndrome expansive process in

A

Epiphyses

64
Q

Parinaud syndrome

A

Supranuclear vertical palsy
Pseudo-Argyll Robertson pupils
Nystagmus when convergence
Eyelid retraction
Hydrocephalus
Bilateral papilledema, skew deviation, III and IV palsy, Internuclear ophthalmoplegia

65
Q

Treatments for epilepsy for brain tumors

A

Carbamazepine and levatiracetam

66
Q

Kennedy-Foster syndrome

A

ipsilateral optic atrophy and anosmia, contralateral papiledema

67
Q

Immunophenotype of adenocarcinoma of the lung

A

CK7+
CK20-
TTF1+
Napsn A+

68
Q

CNS tumor expresses CK7+ CK20-, TTF-. Origin of metastasis

A

Breast carcinoma

69
Q

Tumour with 1p/19q deletion

A

Oligodendroglioma

70
Q

Radiotherapy dosis to give postoperative radiotherapy to the astrocytoma

A

50-60 Gy

71
Q

Double images, hearing loss in the left ear, headache, paresis of the right abducens

A

Carcinosis of the meninges

72
Q

progressive dysarthria, gait faltering, intention tremor. Fails the finger-nose test

A

hemangioblastoma

73
Q

Acutely symptom of parasagital meningioma

A

epilepsy

Neuro (30 decks)

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