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IC Part II > Tumor Biology > Flashcards

Tumor Biology Flashcards

1
Q

all _______ are genetic diseases caused by uncontrolled proliferation of cells that have undergone genetic alterations

A

neoplasms

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2
Q
  • expansive
  • slow growing
  • good differentiation
  • NO metastasis
A

benign tumors

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3
Q
  • infiltrative
  • fast growing
  • atypical, poorly differentiated
  • metastasis typical
A

malignant tumors

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4
Q

c-MYC translocation causes

A

burkitt lymphoma

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5
Q

BCL2 translocation causes?

A

follicular lymphoma

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6
Q

amplification of _____ causes neuroblastoma

A

N-myc

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7
Q

amplification of _______ causes breast cancer

A

HER2/neu

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8
Q

extensive chromosomal breaks and rearrangements (osteosarcoma, glioma)

A

chromothrypsis

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9
Q

RAS mutations in many cancers caused by ______ mutations

A

point

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10
Q

local hypermethylation leads to gene _______

A

silencing

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11
Q

altered expression of ________ can have interactions with oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes

A

miRNAs

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12
Q
  • excessive production (quantity or duration)
  • abnormal product unresponsiveness to normal inhibitory influences
  • gain of function mutation
A

production of an oncogene

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13
Q
  • insufficient production, abnormal product
  • requires inactivation of both alleles
  • heterozygous state sufficient to protect against neoplasia
  • oncogenic viruses inactivate these genes
A

tumor suppressors

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14
Q

loss of ________ of tumor suppressor gene predisposes to neoplasia

A

heterozygosity

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15
Q

RET (MEN) and Her2neu (breast cancer) and ________ receptor oncogenes

A

growth factor receptor

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16
Q

_____ is a signal transducing protein oncogene

A

RAS

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17
Q

non receptor tyrosine kinase oncogene?

A

ABL (CML)

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18
Q

transcription factor oncogene that causes burkitt lymphoma and neuroblastoma?

A

MYC

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19
Q

cyclin D1 oncogene causes _______ lymphoma

A

mantle cell

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20
Q

_____ translocation leading to fusion of abl gene with bcr region and constitutive expression of abnormal tyrosine kinase in CML

A

t(9;22)

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21
Q

_______ translocation leads to c-myc overexpression in Burkitt lymphoma

A

t(8;14)

22
Q

fusion of two gene segments produces an abnormal gene product, ________ protein produced

A

chimeric

23
Q

translocation places an intact gene downstream of an active promoter, ______ gene is overexpressed

A

normal

24
Q

double minutes and homgenous staining regions indicative of?

A

gene amplification

25
Q

inherited cancer syndrome of p53

A

Li Fraumeni

26
Q

inherited cancer syndrome of APC/beta catenin

A

familial adenomatous polyposis

27
Q

Bcl-2 in follicular lymphoma resists ________

A

apoptosis

28
Q

MLH1, MSH2 in HNPCC and BRCA1/2 in breast and ovarian cancer cause ________

A

genomic instability

29
Q

______ enables replicative immortality

A

telomerase

30
Q
  • outgrowth of antigen negative variants
  • loss of MHC molecules
  • activation of immunoregulatory paths
  • secretion of immunosuppressive factors
  • induction of regulatory T cells
A

escape from immune surveillance

31
Q

multiple endocrine neoplasia involves inherited mutations in _____ oncogene

A

RET, MEN1

32
Q

inherited tumor suppressor mutation in ataxia telangiectasia?

A

ATM

33
Q

______ causes mesothelioma and bronchogenic carcinoma

A

asbestos

34
Q

the chemical _______ causes hepatocellular carcinoma

A

aflatoxin

35
Q

the chemical vinyl chloride causes ______ of the liver

A

angiosarcoma

36
Q

the chemical arsenic causes ______

A

skin cancer

37
Q

UV rays cause _______ that increase skin cancer, esp in xeroderma pigmentosum

A

pyrimidine dimers

38
Q

viral carcinogen _____ causes burkitt lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma

A

EBV

39
Q

viral carcinogen _____ causes viral genes that inactivate RB and p53

A

HPV

40
Q

____ viral carcinogen causes Kaposi sarcoma

A

HHV8

41
Q

_____ viral carcinogen causes adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma

A

HTLV1

42
Q

_____ bacterial carcinogen causes gastric cancer and MALT lymphoma

A

H pylori

43
Q

tumor marker for trophoblastic tumors

A

HCG

44
Q

tumor marker for medullary carcinoma of thyroid

A

calcitonin

45
Q

tumor marker for pheochromocytoma

A

catecholamines

46
Q

tumor marker for hepatocellular carcinoma, yolk sac tumor

A

AFP

47
Q

tumor marker for carcinoma of GI, lung, pancreas

A

CEA

48
Q

protein tumor marker for multiple myeloma

A

immunoglobulins

49
Q

CA19-9 tumor marker for?

A

colon and pancreatic cancer

50
Q

CA125 tumor marker for?

A

ovarian cancer

IC Part II (29 decks)

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