Drug Toxicities Flashcards
1
Q
- overdose: higher than 4 gm in 24 hr
- early: anorexia, nausea, vomiting
- 24-48 hours: elevated PT, increased transaminases
- 48 hrs - 7 days: elevated ICP, hepatic encephalopathy, coma, multi organ failure
- hepatic necrosis
A
acetaminophen toxicity
2
Q
antidote for acetaminophen?
A
NAC within 8-12 hours
3
Q
- tinnituds
- early respiratory alkalosis
- metabolic acid later due to accumulation , uncoupling of ox phosphorylation, depletion of bicarb
- hyperpyrexia
- coma, convulsions, resp failure
A
salicylates
4
Q
- blood sample (>3.5 moderate or severe)
- correct hyperthermia
- mechanical ventilation
- fluids, glucose, electrolytes
- sodium bicarb to alkalinize urine
- osmotic diuretics
A
salicylate poisoning
5
Q
- CNS stimulation, muscle rigidity or hyperactivity
- seizures
- vtach or vfib
- HTN
- circulatory failure
- coma, death
A
cocaine, amphetamines, phencyclidine (Sympathomimetics)
6
Q
give:
- control convulsions with diazepam
- succinylcholine
- beta blockers contraindicated
A
sympathomimetics
7
Q
- unconscious, pin point pupils, shallow respirations
- cyanosis, hypotension, GI spasms
- twitching muscles
- death from resp depression
A
opioids
8
Q
- naloxone, give repeated doses b/c short DOA
- maintain body warmth
A
opioids
9
Q
- drowsy, tremors, disorientation, hallucinations, tachycardia, coma
- control convulsions with diazepam
A
antihistamine overdose
10
Q
- anticholinergic effects
- arrhythmias, hypotension
- seizures (treat w/ diazepam and pancuronium)
- give sodium bicarb to maintain pH and reverse cardiac membrane depressant effects
A
Tricyclics
11
Q
- hypotension, bradycardia, cardiogenic shock
- convulsions, coma
- bronchospasm with asthma
- hypoglycemia, hyperkalemia
A
beta blockers
12
Q
- treat with glucagon
- wide conduction defects may respond to sodium bicarb
- torsades resulting from sotalol treated w/ isoproterenol, magnesium, overdrive pacing
A
beta blockers
13
Q
- altered mental status, fever, agitation, myoclonuds
- hyperreflexia, ataxia, diaphoresis, shivering, diarrhea
A
serotonin syndrome
14
Q
- tx: cyproheptadine, propanolol
- dantrolene
A
serotonin syndrome treatment
15
Q
- major visual impairment
- slurring of speech
- BAC 150-300 mg%
A
moderate ethanol poisoning
