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IC Part II > Perinatal Pathology > Flashcards

Perinatal Pathology Flashcards

1
Q
  • disorders related to short gestation and low birth weight
  • SIDS
  • respiratory distress
  • bacterial sepsis
A

causes of death under 1 yr of age

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2
Q
  • accidents
  • congenital malformations
  • malignant neoplasms
  • homicide
  • diseases of heart
  • influenze, pneumonia
A

causes of death, 1-4 years of age

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3
Q
  • preterm, premature rupture of membranes prior to 37 WGA
  • intrauterine infection
  • structural abnormalieis of uterus, placenta
  • multiple gestations
A

causes of prematurity and growth restriction

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4
Q
  • chromosomal abnormalities
  • congenital anomalies (Potter sequence)
  • TORCH infections
A

fetal causes of prematurity and growth restriction

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5
Q
  • cord abnormalities

- placental infarction, abruption

A

placental causes of prematurity

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6
Q
  • leading cause of resp distress in newborns, now decreased because of artificial surfactant
  • exofurg, infasurf, survanta
  • increased alveolar surface tension, atelectasis, hypoxemia and CO2 retention
  • acidosis, endothelial and epithelial damage
  • hyaline membranes
A

neonatal respiratory distress syndrome

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7
Q
  • complication of treatment of hyaline membrane disease

- squamous metaplasia, peribrochial and interstitial fibrosis, decrease in alveolar septation

A

bronchopulmonary dysplasia

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8
Q
  • feeding intolerance, abdominal distention and blood stools after 8-10 days of age
  • pneumatosis intestinalis, portal venous gas
A

necrotizing enterocolitis

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9
Q
  • peaks at 2-4 months of age
  • male predominance
  • occurs during sleep period, Japan lowest and New Zealand highest
  • rates in native americans and African americans are 2-7X higher
  • history of mild upper respiratory tract infections, presumably viral
A

SIDS

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10
Q
  • petechial hemorrhages most consistent finding, but they are agonal events
  • triple risk model: underlying vulnerability, critical development period, extrinsic risks (smoking, sleeping prone, mild infection)
A

SIDS

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11
Q

-toxoplasma, rubella, CMV, herpes simplex, syphilis and HIV

A

TORCH infections

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12
Q
  • due to group B strep, positive cultures an indication for C section
  • more than one organism consered child abuse, Muchausen by proxy
A

perinatal sepsis

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13
Q
  • mesencyhmal derivation
  • often have primitive histo appearance
  • abnormal embryogenesis common
  • spontaneous regression and cytodifferentiation common
  • familial or genetic pattern
A

pediatric tumors

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14
Q
  • most common tumor of infancy
  • derived from blood vesels
  • skin- face, scalp
  • spontaneous regression
  • associated with VHL syndrome
A

hemangiomas

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15
Q
  • mature, immature, malignant
  • derived from pluripotent germ cells
  • females > males
  • sacrococcygeal the most common
  • risk of malignant transformation is increased after 2 months of age
A

teratomas

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16
Q
  • most common childhood cancer
  • derived from immature white blood cells
  • rapid onset
  • anemia, bleeding, fever, weight loss
A

leukemia

17
Q

-second most common cancer in children
-cell of origin variable, glial
-most involve cerebellum or brainstem
-increased intracranial pressure, headache, nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, dizzy
-

A

central nervous system cancers

18
Q
  • derived from neuroectoderm
  • 20% of brain tumors in children
  • 17p deletion
A

medulloblastoma

19
Q
  • most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood
  • neural crest origin
  • parasympathetic ganglia or adrenal medulla
  • large abdominal mass
  • Homer wright pseudorosettes
  • regress or cytodifferentiate
  • skin papules
  • N-myc, 17q, prognostic factors
A

neuroblastoma

20
Q
  • most common renal tumor in children
  • derived from pluripotent embryonal renal cells
  • presents w/ abdominal flank mass, pain, fever
  • risk increased with WAGR and Denys drash syndrome, Beckwith Wiedemann, loss of imprinting
A

Wilms tumor

21
Q
  • germline deletion of 11p13

- aniridia, genital anomalies, mental retardation

A

WAGR syndrome

22
Q
  • dominant negative missense mutation of WT1

- gonadal dysgenesis, nephorpathy

A

Denys Drash syndrome

23
Q
  • malignant tumor of one or both eyes, derived from retinal cells
  • occurs in children under the age of 4
  • inherited mutation on chromosome 13
  • prognosis excellent if no spread
A

retinoblastoma

24
Q
  • dervied from white blood cells
  • risks: age, gender, family history, past EBV infection, immunosuppression
  • Reed Sternberg cells
A

Hodgkin’s disease

25
Q
  • most common soft tissue sarcoma in children
  • derived from embryonic skeletal muscle cells (Rhabdomyoblasts)
  • head and neck, groin, abdomen, pelvis, arms, legs
  • stain positive for muscle intermediate filament markers (desmin, myogenin)
A

rhabdomyosarcoma

26
Q

bone and soft tissue sarcomas, CNS tumors, thyroid carcinomas, leukemias, lymphomas, have risk for?

A

secondary malignant neoplasms

IC Part II (29 decks)

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