Drugs of Abuse Flashcards
- used and abused to increase wakefulness, attention, and physical performance, also anorexogenics
- caffeine (adenosine antagonist), nicotine agonist (relaxation, increased alertness
stimulants
antidepressant used for smoking cessation
buproprion
nicotinic partial agonist, smoking cessation
varenicline
- stimulate sympathetic nervous system, increase wakefulness and attention
- pupil dilation, reinforcing euphoric effects and addictive potential due to stimulation of mesolimbic dopamine system
sympathomimetics/psychostimulants
- inhibits dopamine reuptake, and norepi and serotonin
- short duration of action
- less associated with tolerance than other addictive drugs, but cravings strong
- increases risk of intracranial hemorrhage, ischemic stroke, MI, arrhythmias, and seizures
- used as topical local anesthetic for mucous membranes
cocaine
- releases and blocks reuptake of dopamine, norepi, and serotonin
- dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotoxin
- tolerance can lead to dose escalation
- long term use can lead to psychosis
- withdrawal: dysphoria, drowsiness, insomnia, irritability
- used for ADHD, narcolepsy, obesity
d-amphetamine
methamphetamine
- amphetamine derivative w/ greater serotonergic activity (positive mood, empathy, extraversion, sensory awareness)
- hallucinogenic effects
- tolerance with repeated use
- jaw clenching, tachy, muscle aches, hyperthermia, serotonin syndrome
- withdrawal: depression, increased aggression
MDMA, ecstasy
- alter cognition and perception (visual hallucinations, perceptual disturbances, intellectual insights, paranoia)
- pupil dilation, nausea
- increased glutamate release in cortex
- rapid tolerance, no addiction
- LSD, mescaline, psilocybin
psychedelic hallucinogens
- feeling of disconnection from the body, hallucinations, emotional withdrawal, impaired memory
- noncompetitive NMDA antagonist, binds specific site in NMDA receptor ion channel, acts at sigma site, no physiologic dependence
- phencylcidine, ketamine
dissociative hallucinogens
phenycyclidine, ketamine
dissociative hallucinogens
- euphoria, relaxation, giddiness
- increased appetite, antiemetic
- decrease intraocular pressure
- dose dependent drowsiness and diminished coordination
- stimulation of CNS receptor, immune modulation
cannabinoids
accumulates in adipose, detectable in urine for 3 weeks after cessation
THC
nonpsychoactive, anticonvulsant
cannabidiol
- complete CNS depressant
- decreases anxiety, removes inhibitions, lengthens reaction time
- directly irritating to GI mucosa
- vasodilation, decrease in BP
- cirrhosis
- crosses BBB and placenta
- hepatic metabolism
ethanol
- coma, hypothermia, decreased respiration, vomiting
- hallucinosis, paranoid
- withdrawal: seizures, tremors, treat w/ benzodiazepines
- Wernicke Korsakoff due to thiamine deficiency
- cirrhosis of liver
ethanol toxicity
inhibits conversion of acetaldehyde to acetate, causes toxicity (increased HR, dizziness, vomiting, unconsciousness)
disulfiram
- structural analog of homotaurine and GABA
- indicated for maintenance of abstinence from alcohol in patients who are abstinent at treatment initiation
acamprosate
opioid antagonist, decreases cravings for ethanol and prevents relapse
naltrexone
