Tuberculosis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary causative agent of tuberculosis?

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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2
Q

True or False: Tuberculosis can be spread through the air.

A

True

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3
Q

Name the first-line drug commonly used to treat tuberculosis.

A

Isoniazid

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: The combination of Isoniazid and __________ is often used in tuberculosis treatment.

A

Rifampicin

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5
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Rifampicin?

A

Inhibition of bacterial RNA polymerase

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6
Q

Which drug is known to cause liver toxicity in tuberculosis treatment?

A

Isoniazid

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7
Q

What is the standard duration of treatment for drug-susceptible tuberculosis?

A

6 months

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8
Q

True or False: Ethambutol is effective against drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

A

False

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9
Q

What is the role of Pyrazinamide in tuberculosis therapy?

A

To kill dormant bacteria in acidic environments

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10
Q

Which vitamin is often prescribed to counteract the side effects of Isoniazid?

A

Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)

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11
Q

Name a second-line drug used for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.

A

Ciprofloxacin

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12
Q

What is the primary target of Isoniazid in Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

A

Mycolic acid synthesis

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13
Q

Fill in the blank: The Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course (DOTS) strategy is used to ensure __________ adherence.

A

treatment

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14
Q

What type of bacteria is Mycobacterium tuberculosis classified as?

A

Acid-fast bacillus

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15
Q

True or False: Rifampicin can interact with oral contraceptives, reducing their effectiveness.

A

True

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16
Q

What is the most common side effect of Ethambutol?

A

Optic neuritis

17
Q

Which drug can cause red-orange discoloration of urine and tears?

A

Rifampicin

18
Q

What is the role of Streptomycin in tuberculosis treatment?

A

It is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used for drug-resistant cases.

19
Q

What is the primary reason for the development of drug resistance in tuberculosis?

A

Inadequate treatment and non-adherence to therapy

20
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ test is used to determine the susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to antibiotics.

A

sensitivity

21
Q

Name a common adverse effect of Pyrazinamide.

A

Hyperuricemia

22
Q

What is the recommended initial regimen for drug-sensitive tuberculosis?

A

Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide, and Ethambutol

23
Q

True or False: Tuberculosis treatment should be continued even if symptoms improve.

A

True

24
Q

What is the function of the BCG vaccine?

A

To provide some protection against tuberculosis

25
Q

What monitoring is essential during tuberculosis treatment?

A

Liver function tests

26
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ of tuberculosis refers to the ability of the bacteria to survive in a dormant state.

A

latency

27
Q

What is the significance of MDR-TB?

A

It refers to multidrug-resistant tuberculosis that is resistant to at least Isoniazid and Rifampicin.

28
Q

Which drug is used as a last resort for extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB)?

A

Bedaquiline

29
Q

What is a major concern when treating tuberculosis with multiple drugs?

A

Potential drug interactions and side effects

30
Q

True or False: Tuberculosis can be cured with appropriate antibiotic therapy.

A

True

31
Q

What is the purpose of using a combination of drugs in tuberculosis treatment?

A

To prevent the development of drug resistance

32
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ test is used to diagnose active tuberculosis.

A

tuberculin skin

33
Q

What is the role of supportive therapy in tuberculosis management?

A

To enhance overall health and support recovery.

34
Q

What is the main route of administration for tuberculosis medications?

A

Oral