Tuberculosis Flashcards
What is the primary causative agent of tuberculosis?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
True or False: Tuberculosis can be spread through the air.
True
Name the first-line drug commonly used to treat tuberculosis.
Isoniazid
Fill in the blank: The combination of Isoniazid and __________ is often used in tuberculosis treatment.
Rifampicin
What is the mechanism of action of Rifampicin?
Inhibition of bacterial RNA polymerase
Which drug is known to cause liver toxicity in tuberculosis treatment?
Isoniazid
What is the standard duration of treatment for drug-susceptible tuberculosis?
6 months
True or False: Ethambutol is effective against drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
False
What is the role of Pyrazinamide in tuberculosis therapy?
To kill dormant bacteria in acidic environments
Which vitamin is often prescribed to counteract the side effects of Isoniazid?
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
Name a second-line drug used for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
Ciprofloxacin
What is the primary target of Isoniazid in Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
Mycolic acid synthesis
Fill in the blank: The Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course (DOTS) strategy is used to ensure __________ adherence.
treatment
What type of bacteria is Mycobacterium tuberculosis classified as?
Acid-fast bacillus
True or False: Rifampicin can interact with oral contraceptives, reducing their effectiveness.
True
What is the most common side effect of Ethambutol?
Optic neuritis
Which drug can cause red-orange discoloration of urine and tears?
Rifampicin
What is the role of Streptomycin in tuberculosis treatment?
It is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used for drug-resistant cases.
What is the primary reason for the development of drug resistance in tuberculosis?
Inadequate treatment and non-adherence to therapy
Fill in the blank: The __________ test is used to determine the susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to antibiotics.
sensitivity
Name a common adverse effect of Pyrazinamide.
Hyperuricemia
What is the recommended initial regimen for drug-sensitive tuberculosis?
Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide, and Ethambutol
True or False: Tuberculosis treatment should be continued even if symptoms improve.
True
What is the function of the BCG vaccine?
To provide some protection against tuberculosis
What monitoring is essential during tuberculosis treatment?
Liver function tests
Fill in the blank: The __________ of tuberculosis refers to the ability of the bacteria to survive in a dormant state.
latency
What is the significance of MDR-TB?
It refers to multidrug-resistant tuberculosis that is resistant to at least Isoniazid and Rifampicin.
Which drug is used as a last resort for extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB)?
Bedaquiline
What is a major concern when treating tuberculosis with multiple drugs?
Potential drug interactions and side effects
True or False: Tuberculosis can be cured with appropriate antibiotic therapy.
True
What is the purpose of using a combination of drugs in tuberculosis treatment?
To prevent the development of drug resistance
Fill in the blank: The __________ test is used to diagnose active tuberculosis.
tuberculin skin
What is the role of supportive therapy in tuberculosis management?
To enhance overall health and support recovery.
What is the main route of administration for tuberculosis medications?
Oral
