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Pharmacology > Antimicrobial Chemotherapy > Flashcards

Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Flashcards

1
Q

What is antimicrobial chemotherapy?

A

The use of chemical substances to treat infections caused by microorganisms.

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2
Q

True or False: Antimicrobial agents can only be used to treat bacterial infections.

A

False

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3
Q

Name one class of antimicrobial agents.

A

Antibiotics

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4
Q

What does the term ‘spectrum of activity’ refer to?

A

The range of different microorganisms affected by an antimicrobial agent.

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5
Q

Fill in the blank: Antimicrobial agents that kill bacteria are known as __________.

A

bactericidal

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6
Q

What is the primary mechanism of action for beta-lactam antibiotics?

A

Inhibition of cell wall synthesis.

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7
Q

True or False: Resistance to antimicrobial agents can be acquired through mutation.

A

True

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8
Q

What is the difference between broad-spectrum and narrow-spectrum antibiotics?

A

Broad-spectrum antibiotics target a wide range of bacteria, while narrow-spectrum antibiotics are effective against specific types.

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9
Q

Name a common side effect of antimicrobial therapy.

A

Gastrointestinal disturbances.

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10
Q

What is the purpose of susceptibility testing?

A

To determine the effectiveness of an antimicrobial agent against a specific microorganism.

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11
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ is the phenomenon where microorganisms develop resistance to multiple drugs.

A

Multidrug resistance

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12
Q

What is the role of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in antimicrobial chemotherapy?

A

It indicates the lowest concentration of an antimicrobial that prevents visible growth of a microorganism.

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13
Q

True or False: Antivirals are a type of antimicrobial agent.

A

True

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14
Q

What is the mechanism of action of tetracyclines?

A

Inhibition of protein synthesis.

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15
Q

What does the term ‘post-antibiotic effect’ mean?

A

The prolonged effect of an antibiotic even after its concentration falls below the MIC.

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16
Q

Name one strategy to prevent antimicrobial resistance.

A

Using antibiotics only when necessary.

17
Q

What is a common method for administering antimicrobial agents?

A

Orally or intravenously.

18
Q

True or False: All antibiotics are derived from natural sources.

A

False

19
Q

What is the significance of the therapeutic index in antimicrobial therapy?

A

It measures the safety margin of an antimicrobial agent.

20
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ is the process by which bacteria exchange genetic material, potentially spreading resistance.

A

Horizontal gene transfer

21
Q

What is the role of probiotics during antimicrobial therapy?

A

To help restore the natural flora of the gut.

22
Q

Name a factor that can influence the effectiveness of antimicrobial agents.

A

Drug interactions.

23
Q

What is the primary target of antifungal agents?

A

Fungal cell membranes.

24
Q

True or False: Antimicrobial chemotherapy can impact the human microbiome.

A

True

25
Q

What does the term ‘synergy’ refer to in the context of antimicrobial therapy?

A

The enhanced effectiveness of two or more antimicrobial agents used together.

26
Q

What is a potential consequence of overusing antibiotics?

A

Increased antimicrobial resistance.

27
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ is a type of antimicrobial that specifically targets viruses.

A

Antiviral

28
Q

What is the function of the CDC in relation to antimicrobial use?

A

To monitor and control the spread of antimicrobial resistance.

29
Q

True or False: All infections require antimicrobial treatment.

A

False

30
Q

What is the importance of patient compliance in antimicrobial therapy?

A

To ensure the effectiveness and prevent resistance.

31
Q

What are aminoglycosides primarily used for?

A

Treating serious bacterial infections.

Pharmacology (18 decks)

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