Hormonal Contraceptives Flashcards
What is the action of progesterone on cervical mucus?
Thickening of cervical mucus limits spermatozoan penetration.
What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of progesterone-only pills?
Diminished GnRH pulses, thickened cervical mucus, difficult implantation, hindered spermatozoan movement.
What is the duration of action for a subdermal implant containing 216mg norgestrel?
Up to 5 years.
What is the dosage and duration of action for crystalline suspension of medroxyprogesterone acetate?
150mg for 3 months.
What is the effectiveness of progesterone IUD initially?
97-98% effectiveness.
How do progestin-only contraceptives compare in efficacy to combination pills?
Slightly less efficacious.
What is the theoretical effectiveness of progestin-only contraceptives?
99%.
What is the typical use effectiveness of progestin-only contraceptives?
96% to 97.5%.
What is a common example of a progestin-only pill?
Minipill or low dose progestins.
How many days are there in a pack of combination contraceptives?
21 days.
What is the purpose of inert compounds in combination contraceptive packs?
To create a 7-day pill-free period every month.
What characterizes monophasic combination contraceptives?
Fixed amount of estrogen and progestin for 21 days.
What characterizes biphasic and triphasic combination contraceptives?
Contain 2 or 3 different pills with varied amounts of active ingredients.
What is the range of estrogen content in combination contraceptives?
25-50 micrograms.
What is the most frequently used estrogen in hormonal contraceptives?
Ethinyl estradiol.
What are the two main types of progestins used in contraceptives?
19-nor compounds of estrane and gonane.
What is the effectiveness of post-coital emergency contraceptives?
75% effective.
What are the two regimens for emergency contraceptives using levonorgestrel?
- Two one-pill doses of 0.75mg 12 hours apart
- Two two-pill doses of 0.25mg and 0.05mg 12 hours apart.
What are some contraindications for hormonal contraceptives?
- Hypertension
- Myocardial infarction
- Diabetes mellitus
- Coagulation disorders
- Fibroids
- Cancers
- Hepatic disorders.
What are common adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with progestin-only contraceptives?
- Unpredictable spotting
- Breakthrough bleeding.
What is the mechanism of action of emergency contraceptive pills?
- Suppression of ovulation
- Disruption of endometrial receptivity
- Slowed fallopian movement of sperm
- Limited cervical mucus penetration.
What are some cardiovascular risks associated with combination pills?
- Thromboembolism
- Insignificant increase in blood pressure
- Slight increase in triglycerides.
What is the long-term effect of combination pills on endometrial cancer risk?
50% decrease lasting 15 years after stoppage.
What is the theoretical and actual effectiveness of combined oral contraceptives?
- Theoretical effectiveness: 99.9%
- Use effectiveness: 97%-98%.
What is a key advantage of hormonal contraceptives introduced since 1960?
Among the most effective drugs.
True or False: Hormonal contraceptives have a wide variety of agents with varied doses and components.
True.
