TSM 1.8

Question 1

what are upper motor neurones?

Answer 1

• neurones in cerebral cortex - project to lower motor neurones

Question 2

what are direct pathway of upper motor neurones?

Answer 2

• corticospinal tract - corticobulbar tract

Question 3

what are indirect pathway of upper motor neurones?

Answer 3

• from brainstem nuclei to lower motor neurones

Question 4

what does lateral corticospinal tract do?

Answer 4

voluntary control of distal musculature

Question 5

what does anterior corticospinal tract do?

Answer 5

voluntary control of proximal musculature

Question 6

what does the reticulospinal tracts do?

Answer 6

• flexor reflexes - initiate patterned activity

Question 7

What does tectospinal do?

Answer 7

• controls neck movement - orientation to visual stimuli

Question 8

What does lateral vestibulospinal tract do?

Answer 8

• control antigravity muscles

Question 9

What does medial vestibulospinal tract do?

Answer 9

Regulates head movements

Question 10

Which tract takes up large part of internal capsule?

Answer 10

Corticospinal tract

Question 11

which tract (blue) is this?

Answer 11

tectospinal

Question 12

which tract (red) is this?

Answer 12

rubrospinal

Question 13

which tract (blue) is this?

Answer 13

lateral (medullary) reticulospinal tract

Question 14

which tract (green) is this?

Answer 14

medial (pontine) reticulospinal tract

Question 15

which tract (red) is this?

Answer 15

vestibulospinal tract

Question 16

what is the motor and sensory loss during lesion in lateral convexity of cortex?

Answer 16

motor: paralysis of contralateral face
sensory: loss of sensation in contralateral face

Question 17

what is the sensory and motor loss during lesion in medial cortex?

Answer 17

motor: paralysis of contralateral leg
sensory: loss of sensation in contralateral leg

Question 18

what is the motor and sensory loss during lesion at genu of internal capsule?

Answer 18

motor: paralysis of contralateral lower face
sensory: loss of sensation in contralateral face

Question 19

what is the motor and sensory loss during lesion in posterior limb of internal capsule?

Answer 19

motor: paralysis of contralateral lower leg
sensory: loss of sensation of contralateral lower leg

Question 20

what is the motor loss during lesion in midbrain cerebral peduncle?

Answer 20

paralysis of contralateral of leg, arm, tongue, lower face and ipsilateral eye

Question 21

what is the motor loss during lesion in pontine base?

Answer 21

paralysis of contralateral leg, arm, tongue, ipsilateral eye

Question 22

what is the motor and sensory loss during lesion in medial medulla?

Answer 22

motor: paralysis of contralateral leg, arm and ipsilateral tongue
sensory: loss of sensation in contralateral body

Question 23

what is the motor loss during lesion of spinal cord?

Answer 23

spastic paralysis of ipsilateral body below the lesion

flaccid paralysis of ipsilateral body at level of lesion

Question 24

what is the sensory loss for lesion at the spinal cord?

Answer 24

loss of touch, vibration and proprioception at ipsilateral side below lesion

loss of pain and temperature in contralateral below lesion

Question 25

which lesion causes decorticate position?

Answer 25

above red nucleus, thalamus and

Question 26

which lesion causes decerebrate position?

Answer 26

below the red nucleus