TSM 1.34 Flashcards

1
Q

why older people cannot taste as well?

A

the receptors get downregulated

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2
Q

why some people taste very bitter or tasteless?

A
  • gene inherited
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3
Q

which nerve innervates for the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

chorda tympani facial nerve CN VII

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4
Q

which nerve innervates for the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

A

glossopharyngeal nerve lingual branch

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5
Q

which nerve innervates the epiglottis?

A

vagus nerve CN X

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6
Q

what is the function of basal cells?

A

dividing and replacing to form new taste cells

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7
Q

how are different smell caused?

A

different chemicals bind to different receptors

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8
Q

what is the function of receptor neurone?

A

receives information from the receptor

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9
Q

what is the funciton of sustentacular cell?

A

structural support

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10
Q

what is the function of basal cell?

A

deepest layer of stratified epithelium

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11
Q

what is the function of secretary cells of bowman’s glands?

A

secrete gel forming mucin

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12
Q

what is the function fo olfactory ensheating cell?

A
  • ensheath the non-myelinated axons of olfactory

- assist in axonal regeneration

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13
Q

describe taste transduction?

A
  • G protein triggered
  • ligand gated system
  • metabtrophic response
  • trigger release of calcium from stores
  • calcium will trigger release of neurotransmitters in the nerve cells and induce transfuction
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14
Q

describe smell transduction?

A
  • odorant binds to receptor
  • activates G-protein (Golf)
  • alpha subunit activated adenylyl cyclase
  • generates cAMP
  • open cation channel
  • depolarisation and calcium release
  • calcium open chloride channels
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15
Q

what is the function of tufted cell?

A
  • projection neurons

- send signals from glomeruli deeper into the brain

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16
Q

how does tufted cell make actual signals sharpened?

A

through lateral inhibition

17
Q

where does mitral cells receive information from?

A

axons of olfactory receptor neurons

18
Q

where does mitral cell receive excitatory input from?

A
  • olfactory sensory neurons

- external tufted cells

19
Q

where does mitral cell receive inhibitory input from?

A
  • granule cells

- periglomerular cells

20
Q

what does periglomerular cells do?

A

lateral inhibition in the olfactory system

21
Q

what does granular cells do?

A

helps with lateral inhibition

22
Q

where does the sensory pathway for taste go to?

A

Nucleus of the solitary tract then to ventral posterior nucleus

23
Q

does the olfactory information sent to both side of the brain? if yes where do they cross?

A

yes, cross at the anterior commissure

24
Q

what is the importance of the anterior perforated substance?

A
  • blood vessels perforate through to provide blood supply to the central part of the brain
25
describe the olfactory pathway?
- from olfactory tract to lateral olfactory area then to primary lateral olfactory area
26
does the olfactory tract go directly to the thalamus?
no
27
what is the function of entorhinal cortex?
- memory formation - memory consolidation - memory optimisation in sleep
28
what is the function of perirhinal cortex?
- visual perception and memory | - recognition and identification of environmental stimuli
29
what is the function parahippocampal cortex?
- encoding and recognition of environmental scenes