TSM 1.34

Question 1

why older people cannot taste as well?

Answer 1

the receptors get downregulated

Question 2

why some people taste very bitter or tasteless?

Answer 2

• gene inherited

Question 3

which nerve innervates for the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

Answer 3

chorda tympani facial nerve CN VII

Question 4

which nerve innervates for the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

Answer 4

glossopharyngeal nerve lingual branch

Question 5

which nerve innervates the epiglottis?

Answer 5

vagus nerve CN X

Question 6

what is the function of basal cells?

Answer 6

dividing and replacing to form new taste cells

Question 7

how are different smell caused?

Answer 7

different chemicals bind to different receptors

Question 8

what is the function of receptor neurone?

Answer 8

receives information from the receptor

Question 9

what is the funciton of sustentacular cell?

Answer 9

structural support

Question 10

what is the function of basal cell?

Answer 10

deepest layer of stratified epithelium

Question 11

what is the function of secretary cells of bowman’s glands?

Answer 11

secrete gel forming mucin

Question 12

what is the function fo olfactory ensheating cell?

Answer 12

• ensheath the non-myelinated axons of olfactory

- assist in axonal regeneration

Question 13

describe taste transduction?

Answer 13

• G protein triggered
• ligand gated system
• metabtrophic response
• trigger release of calcium from stores
• calcium will trigger release of neurotransmitters in the nerve cells and induce transfuction

Question 14

describe smell transduction?

Answer 14

• odorant binds to receptor
• activates G-protein (Golf)
• alpha subunit activated adenylyl cyclase
• generates cAMP
• open cation channel
• depolarisation and calcium release
• calcium open chloride channels

Question 15

what is the function of tufted cell?

Answer 15

• projection neurons

- send signals from glomeruli deeper into the brain

Question 16

how does tufted cell make actual signals sharpened?

Answer 16

through lateral inhibition

Question 17

where does mitral cells receive information from?

Answer 17

axons of olfactory receptor neurons

Question 18

where does mitral cell receive excitatory input from?

Answer 18

• olfactory sensory neurons

- external tufted cells

Question 19

where does mitral cell receive inhibitory input from?

Answer 19

• granule cells

- periglomerular cells

Question 20

what does periglomerular cells do?

Answer 20

lateral inhibition in the olfactory system

Question 21

what does granular cells do?

Answer 21

helps with lateral inhibition

Question 22

where does the sensory pathway for taste go to?

Answer 22

Nucleus of the solitary tract then to ventral posterior nucleus

Question 23

does the olfactory information sent to both side of the brain? if yes where do they cross?

Answer 23

yes, cross at the anterior commissure

Question 24

what is the importance of the anterior perforated substance?

Answer 24

• blood vessels perforate through to provide blood supply to the central part of the brain

Question 25

describe the olfactory pathway?

Answer 25

• from olfactory tract to lateral olfactory area then to primary lateral olfactory area

Question 26

does the olfactory tract go directly to the thalamus?

Answer 26

no

Question 27

what is the function of entorhinal cortex?

Answer 27

• memory formation
• memory consolidation
• memory optimisation in sleep

Question 28

what is the function of perirhinal cortex?

Answer 28

• visual perception and memory

- recognition and identification of environmental stimuli

Question 29

what is the function parahippocampal cortex?

Answer 29

• encoding and recognition of environmental scenes