TSM 1.19

Question 1

how many pharyngeal arches are there in humans?

Answer 1

5

Question 2

what is the first pharyngeal arch divided into?

Answer 2

maxillary and mandibular

Question 3

what does the mandibular and maxillary processes grow and form?

Answer 3

semicircular collars

Question 4

externally what are the pharyngeal arches separated by?

Answer 4

pharyngeal clefts/grooves

Question 5

internally what are the pharyngeal arches separated by?

Answer 5

pharyngeal pouches

Question 6

what are the arches formed by?

Answer 6

mesoderm

neural crest ectoderm

Question 7

what are the ouches formed by?

Answer 7

endoderm

Question 8

which clefts are the cervical sinus?

Answer 8

2nd, 3rd and 4th

Question 9

which clefts are the external auditory meatus?

Answer 9

1st

Question 10

what does the 1st arch membrane form?

Answer 10

tympanic membrane

Question 11

what are in the core of the arch?

Answer 11

• central skeletal rod
• pharyngeal arch artery
• neural element

Question 12

which arch is the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 12

1st arch

Question 13

which arch is the facial nerve?

Answer 13

2nd arch

Question 14

which arch is the glossopharyngeal nerve?

Answer 14

3rd arch

Question 15

which arch is the superior laryngeal branch of vagus nerve?

Answer 15

4th arch

Question 16

which arch is the recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus nerve?

Answer 16

6th arch

Question 17

what muscles does the 1st arch form?

Answer 17

muscles of mastication

Question 18

what muscles does the 2nd arch form?

Answer 18

facial expression

Question 19

what muscles does the 3rd arch form?

Answer 19

stylopharyngeus muscle

Question 20

what muscles does the 4th arch form?

Answer 20

muscle of pharynx and soft palate

Question 21

what muscles does the 6th arch form?

Answer 21

muscle of larynx

Question 22

what bones does the 1st arch form?

Answer 22

• bones of middle ear

- mandible

Question 23

what bones does the 3rd arch form?

Answer 23

hyoid bone

Question 24

what is the defect in development of 1st arch?

Answer 24

treacher collin’s syndrome

Question 25

what bones does teh 2nd arch form?

Answer 25

- stapes - styloid process - stylohyoid ligament - lesser cornu - superior part of hyoid

Question 26

what boens does the 4th to 6th arches form?

Answer 26

neck cartilages

Question 27

what other defects can arch defect cause?

Answer 27

cardiovascular defects

Question 28

what does the 1st pouch form?

Answer 28

middle ear

Question 29

what does the 2nd pouch form?

Answer 29

tonsillar fossa

Question 30

what does the 3rd pouch form?

Answer 30

- thymus | - inferior parathyroid glands

Question 31

what does the 4th pouch form?

Answer 31

- superior parathyroid glands | - ultimobranchial

Question 32

what causes branchial cyst?

Answer 32

failure of obliteration and fluid filling of 2nd cleft/cervical sinus