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NMSK 2 > TSE/BSE > Flashcards

TSE/BSE Flashcards

1
Q

Give examples of TSEs of animals

A
  • Scrapie (Sheep and goats)
  • Chronic wasting disease (Deer and elk)
  • Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (Cattle, Cats, Goats and exotic ungulates )
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2
Q

What are TSEs

Definition

A

Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy

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3
Q

What are TSEs

A
  • Neurological disorders
  • Neuronal loss
  • Invariably Fatal
  • Very long incubation periods
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4
Q

What causes TSEs

A

Misfolded prion protein (PrPsc)

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5
Q

When was BSE first identified in UK cattle

A

1986

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6
Q

Describe the control measures put in place because of the BSE out break

A
  • Culling, cohort culling (cows on the farm born 2 years before and after the birth of the infected cow)
  • Feed ban for ruminant material
  • older cattle banned from food chain
  • ban on specified-risk material from food chain( CNS)
  • export ban
  • surveillance
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7
Q

Clinical signs of TSEs

A
  • weight loss
  • behaviour changes (hypersensitive)
  • licking lips, grinding teeth, scratching
  • pruritus (itching just scrapie)
  • posture, gait
  • Ataxia, tremors
  • None, sometimes animal just found dead
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8
Q

Why are TSEs hard to diagnose with clinical signs

A

The clinical signs don’t specifically show that it is a TSE could be different disease causing these issues

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9
Q

Describe the properties of prions

A
  • convert normal PrPc to PrPsc
  • relatively insoluble
  • exceptionally high stability for protein
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10
Q

What are prions resistant to

A
  • proteases
  • heat treatment
  • UV
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11
Q

Describe the issues cause by prions high stability

A
  • can’t easily decontaminate premises or in a clinical setting
  • can survive in environmental reservoirs for many years
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12
Q

Where is the primary site for pathogenic prions in the brain

A
  • The obex (caudal part of the medulla)
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13
Q

Describe the composition of PrPc

A

(Normal)

Rich in alpha helices

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14
Q

Describe the composition of PrPsc

A

Rich in beta pleated sheets
Have some alpha helices
Misfolded protein

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15
Q

How does infection by PrPsc occur

A
  • ingestion of PrPsc contaminated feeds
  • Horizontal transmission during perinatal period
  • Superfical abrasion s
  • Environmental
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16
Q

How is a TSE diagnosed

A

A diagnosis of TSE can only be made b demonstrating the presence of prion protein (has to be done post mortum )

17
Q

Describe the TSE confirmatory test most used

A

Immunoassays- western blots and ELISAs (rely on the protease resistance of PrPsc compared to PrPc)
Positive test= 3 bands produced

18
Q

Are TSEs Zoonotic

A 
BSE= Zoonotic 
CWD= unlikely to be zoonotic 
Scrapie = non-zoonotic
19
Q

Explain the economic impact of TSEs in the uk

A
  • loss of income for agriculture/ government compensation
  • export ban
  • collapse of home market for beef
  • lower market for milk/ lamb
  • cost of surveillance
  • cost of research

NMSK 2 (22 decks)

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