EMOTONAL BEHAVIOUR Flashcards
How are emotions seen in animals
As response patterns:
- motoric
- autonomic
- hormonal
- integrative
What causes emotions
By perception and interpretation of an object or a situation and are paralleled by a change in behavioural rediness
What are the 3 classes of stimuli
- appetitive- approach
- aversive - avoidance
- neutral- no specific action
What is fear
A feeling of apprehension association with the presence or proximity of an object, individual, social situation or class of the above - is part f normal behaviour
What is anxiety
Apprehensive anticipation of future anger or misfortune accompanied by a feeling of dysphasia (humans) and/or somatic symptoms of tension
How can anxiety provide protection
-freezing or becoming immobile
-escape or avoidance
-aggressive defence
-submission or appeasement
May increase survival chances
What changes are seen at the ANS level due to anxiety
Cardiovascular activation= increased Heart rate and contractility, pumps blood to required areas
Respiratory activation = deeper, accelerated breathing
Sweating= to prevent overheating
Glucose availability= glycogenolysis increases
Which part of the brain is associated with emotion
Amygdala
What are the nuclei of the amygdala
-Lateral Basal Accessory basal Medial Central
What is the HPA axis
The hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis
The linked response of the hypothalamus, pituitary and adrenal medulla
Describe the affect of stress on the HPA axis
- stress
- hypothalamus releases CRH
- CRH carried to pituitary
- Pituitary gland secrets ACTH
- ACTH carried in blood to adrenal medulla
- adrenal medulla releases glucocorticoids (cortisol)
What is the effect of cortisol
Increases blood pressure, blood sugar levels and has immunosuppressive action
What are the effects if high levels of cortisol is in the system for long periods of time
- protein loss
- metabolic issues
- immune system compromised
What is the effect of benzodiazepines
- activate a specific receptor that facilitates inhibitory GABAergic transmission
- enhances response to GABA
What is the effect of GABA in the CNS
It is an inhibitory neurotransmitter
