ANS Anatomy

Question 1

Describe the autonomic nervous system

Answer 1

• reacts to the current situation to eep the body alive

- made up of two opposing factors = parasympathetic and sympathetic

Question 2

Where do parasympathetic nerves originate

Answer 2

• the brain = cranial nerves

- the sacral region= pelvic nerves

Question 3

What do cranial nerves supply

Answer 3

The majority of PS supply to organs

Question 4

What do pelvic nerves supply

Answer 4

Provide PS supply to pelvic organs

Question 5

Describe the parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 5

• target specific organs
• responsible for rest and digest
• ganglia lie in/close to effector region
• long pre-ganglionic neuron, short post-ganglionic neuron

Question 6

Describe the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 6

• whole body experience
• fight or flight
• ganglia close to spinal cord
• short pre-ganglionic neuron, long post-ganglionic neuron

Question 7

List the organs with parasympathetic supply

Answer 7

• eyes-
• salivary glands
• bronchioles
• heart
• blood vessels
• GI tract
• bladder

Question 8

What are the main nerves with a parasympathetic supply

Answer 8

• CN 3= Oculomotor nerve
• CN 7= Facial nerve
• CN 9 = Glossopharyngeal nerve
• CN 10= Vagus nerve
• The pelvic and splanchic nerves

Question 9

What does the oculomotor nerve do in PS

Answer 9

Pupil constriction and lens adaptation (short range vision)

Question 10

What does the facial nerve do

Answer 10

Supplies the salivary, mucous and lacrimal glands in the head and neck

Question 11

What does the Glossopharyngeal nerve do

Answer 11

Supplies the parotid salivary gland

Question 12

What does the vagus nerve supply

Answer 12

Smooth muscle of the airways and GI tract and regulates heart rhythm

Question 13

What does the pelvic and splanchnic nerves supply

Answer 13

The bladder (detrusor muscle ), rectum and reproductive organs

Question 14

List the organs with sympathetic supply

Answer 14

• eyes
• bronchioles
• heart
• blood vessels
• adrenal glands
• GI tract
• Bladder

Question 15

Where do sympathetic nerves originate

Answer 15

The thoraco-lumbar region (T and L vertebrae )

Question 16

Where do sympathetic go after leaving the spinal cord

Answer 16

They enter the sympathetic trunk which runs parallel to the vertebrae and run to different areas of the body via ganglia

Question 17

List the ganglia sites within the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 17

• Cranial cervical= supples the head.
• Cerviocothoracic = supplies the neck
• Middle cervical and or the cervicothoracic= supplies the thorax
• Splanchnic nerves the coeliac, cranial mesenteric or caudal meesenteric ganglia = supplies the abdomen
• splanchnic nerve the the caudal mesenteric ganglion = supplies the pelvis

Question 18

What does the parasympathetic and sympathetic supply doo in the eye

Answer 18

PS= constricts pupils, accommodates lens to focus close up 
S= pupil dilation

Question 19

What does the PS and S supply do in the bronchioles

Answer 19

PS= bronchoconstriction 
S= bronchodilation

Question 20

What does the PS and S supply do in the heart

Answer 20

PS= decreases heart rate 
S= increase heart rate and increase force of contraction

Question 21

What does the PS and S supply do in the blood vessels

Answer 21

PS= vasodilation in SOME vessels 
S= vasoconstriction (generally speaking = vasodilation in working muscles )

Question 22

What does the PS and S supply do in the GI tract

Answer 22

PS= increases activity and stimulates secretion 
S= decreases activity

Question 23

What does the PS and S supply do in the bladder

Answer 23

PS= urination ( bladder wall constriction, internal sphincter relaxation )
S= urine retention

Question 24

What is the effect of the PS supply on the salivary glands

Answer 24

Stimulates secretion

Question 25

What is the effect.of the S supply on the adrenal glands

Answer 25

Secretion of adrenaline and noradrenaline