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NMSK 2 > PROPRIOCEPTION AND SPINAL ORGANISATION > Flashcards

PROPRIOCEPTION AND SPINAL ORGANISATION Flashcards

1
Q

What is proprioception

A

Perception or awareness of the position and movement of the body

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2
Q

What are the general principles of spinal organisation

A
  • similar fibres (axons) are arranged in tracts
  • specific tracts for specific functions
  • afferent and efferent regions
  • somatotropic organisation
  • fibres run in white matter
  • poly-synaptic
  • decussation
  • sensible nomenclature
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3
Q

What does the dorsal funiculus contain

A

Afferent neurons

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4
Q

What does the lateral funiculus contain

A

50/50 split between afferent and efferent neurons

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5
Q

What does the ventral funiculus contain

A

Efferent neurons

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6
Q

What are the general principles of spinal organisation

A
  • Similar fibres (axons) arranged in tracts
  • Afferent and efferent regions
  • Somatotopic organisation
  • Fibres run in white matter
  • Poly-synaptic
  • Decussation
  • Sensible nomenclature
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7
Q

What are the different types of poly-synaptic neurons

A
  • pyramidal
  • extrapyramidal
  • afferent pathways
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8
Q

What is a pyramidal neuron

A

1 synapse between brain and muscle (at spinal root)
Mostly limited to forelimbs and responsible for fine motor control
-fast but resource rich

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9
Q

What is an extrapyramidal neuron

A
  • multiple synapseswhich is why it is sower than pyramidal
  • responsible for locomotion and posture
  • in general projects more to the gamma motor neurone than the alpha
  • slow but efficient
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10
Q

What is decussation

A

When nervous tracts switch sides (e.g. left side of brain controls the right side of the body)

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11
Q

What nerves are exception to the decussation rule

A

-spinocerebellar

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12
Q

Describe the spinothalamic tract

A

Has bilateral projections in domestic speecies

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13
Q

What is the species variation in the pyramidal pathway

A

Increasing the number of functional digits a species has, increased how far the pyramidal pathway goes
E.g. sheep doesn’t project beyond C4 segment
E.g horse stops sat C1- as doesn’t do fine digital movement as only has 1 digit

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14
Q

What are the receptors for propriception

A
  • Muscle spindles
  • Golgi tendon organs
  • Joint capsule
  • Ligaments
  • SKIN
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15
Q

What are reflex arcs

A
  • The simple organisation within the nervous system
  • Doesn’t require the brain
  • Are either monosynaptic or polysynaptic
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16
Q

What fibres are involved in the muscle spindle

A
  • 1a originate from annulospiral endings (wrap around)

- 2 fibres originate from the flower spray nerve endings

17
Q

Describe 1a fibres

A
  • biggest sensory fibre therefore fastest impulse
  • tend to form a monosynaptic connection with alpha motor neurons
  • produce impulses proportional to the rate of change of length of the intramural muscle fibres (faster the stretch the faster the response)-produce dynamic information
18
Q

Describe 2 fibres

A
  • slow
  • tend to form polysynaptic responses
  • produce impulses proportional to the tension within the intramural muscle fibres responding to change in length
  • produce static information
  • allow or fine control of intramural muscle fibre length and tension thereby allowing the maintenance of posture
19
Q

Describe Schaffer’s Sherrington syndrome

A
  • dogs have paralysis in their pelvis and hindlimbs and the forelimbs are rigid and extended
  • This is due to an interruption of an ascending spinal cord tract from the lumbar intumescences to the cervical intumescences which inhibits extensors of the forelimbs
20
Q

Describe golgi tendon organs

A
  • strain gauge
  • can produce reverse myotonic reflex
    e. g. overload of tension results in release (relaxation) of muscle (to prevent damage)
  • better placed to respond to tension
21
Q

What does upper motor neuron damage cause

A
  • spastic paralysis- still has tone
  • hyper/normoreflexia - reflex arc still intact so can still perform reflexes
  • slow muscle wastage
22
Q

Describe lower motor neuron damage

A
  • flaccid paralysis
  • hypo/areflexia - no reflexes
  • rapid muscle wastage
23
Q

List thoracic outflow of nerves from cranial to caudal

A 
Suprascapular
Subscapular
Musculocutaneous
Axillary
Radial
Median
Ulnar
24
Q

List pelvic outflow of nerves from cranial to caudal

A 
Femoral
Obturator
Cranial gluteal
Caudal gluteal
Sciatic- tibial and Fibular
Pudendal

NMSK 2 (22 decks)

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