Trypanosoma and Leishmania Flashcards by Danica Polbos

What are the 2 forms of flagella that Leishmania spp possess?

Amastigote
Promastigote

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the 2 forms of flagella that Trypanosoma brucei possess?

Epimastigote
Trypomastigote

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Trypanosoma cruzi forms of flagella

All four forms

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Trypanosoma spp are majorly transmitted through?

Blood feeding invertebrates

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the genera and species of Nannomonas?

Trypanosoma congolense
Trypanosoma simiae

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Give the genera and species under Duttonela.

Trypanosoma vivax

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Give 2 genera and species under Megatrypanum:

Trypanosoma theileri
Trypanosoma melophagium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name at least 4 genera and species under Trypanozoon

Trypanosoma brucei brucei
Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense
Trypanosoma equinum
Trypanosoma evansi
Trypanosoma equiperdum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This trypanosoma form has very short flagellum projecting only slightly beyond the flagellar pocket

Amastigote (Leishmanial)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Trypanosomal form with elongated body with flagellum extending forwards as a functional organelle

Promastigote (leptomonad)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Trypanosomal form with kinetoplast and kinetosome are still located between nucleus and anterior end but a short undulating membrane lies along the proximal part of flagellum

Epimastigote (crithidial)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Kinetoplast and kinetosome are near the posterior end of the body and flagella runs along the surface

Trypomastigote (trypanosome)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

2 broad groups of trypanosomes

Hemoflagellates
Mucoflagellates

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

These trypanosomes are observed to develop at anterior portion of the digestive tract

salivaria

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name the 4 Salivaria Trypanosomes

Trypanosoma brucei
Trypanosoma evansi
Trypanosoma congolense
Trypanosoma vivax

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Refers to trypanosomes developing at the vector’s hindgut or posterior station

Stercoraria

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name the Stercoraria trypanosomes

Trypanosoma cruzi
Trypanosoma lewisi
Trypanosoma theileri
Trypanosoma melophagium
Trypanosoma canorini

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Trypanosomes which do not require development in the I.H.

Trypanosoma equiperdum
Trypanosoma equinum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the modes of transmissions of trypanosomes

Cyclical
Non cyclical
Coitus
Transplacental
Ingestion of fresh carcass of infected animal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which trypanosomal species represents the ancestral form?

Trypanosoma brucei brucei

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

2 stages of life cylce of T. brucei

epimastigotes, trypomastigote

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Causative agent of African Animal Trypanosomiasis but non pathogenic to humans

Trypanosoma brucei brucei

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The most common drug used for trypomastigotes infection

Berenil

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name 2 vectors of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense

Glossina palpalis, G. morsitans

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Causes Human African Trypanosomiasis or Sleeping Sickness

Trypanosoma brucei gambiense Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense

Name the reservoir host of T. b. gambiense

goats, cattle, pigs

What are the reservoir host of T. b. rhodesiense?

wild game animals

Main vector of T. b. gambiense:

G. palpalis

Main vector of T. b. rhodesiense:

G. morsitans

It refers to the pathogenesis of HAT where metacyclic trypanosomes are inoculated

Chancre

Refers to the swollen and congested lymph nodes at neck, groin, legs in cases of HAT

Winterbottom's sign

Which trypanosomes cause rapid weight loss and affects the heart involvement case of HAT?

T. b. rhodesiense

Which trypanosomes invade the CNS initiating the chronic, sleeping sickness stage of infection?

T. b. gambiense

Which drugs are useful for sleeping sickness?

Melarsoprol Suramin

Causes nagana disease which is fatal in cattle and other domestic animals as well as wild ruminants

Trypanosoma congolense

Name the main vectors of T. congolense

biting flies, glossina

The causative agent of "souma" that affects the blood of ruminants and wild game animals are reservoirs

Trypanosoma vivax

Vectors of trypanosoma theileri

Biting flies, tabanus, haematopota

Which trypanosomes affect blood of large ruminants with 65% prevalence in cattle and carabao of the Philippines?

Trypanosoma theileri

It may interfere with the diagnosis of surra and associated with turning sickness in Uganda

Trypanosoma theileri

Name the other terms of Surra in S. America

Mal de caderas Derrengadera

Give the other name of surra in M. E., Africa, Gufar

El debab

Surra is known to the Philippines as?

Bayawak

Causative agent of Surra

Trypanosoma evansi

Surra is most severe in?

horses, elephants, dogs

Which trypanosoma lacks maxicircle DNA

Trypanosoma evansi

Vectors of t. evansi

Tabanus, Stomoxys, Lyperosia

Which trypanosomes is most widespread amongst the pathogenic trypanosomes that can rise 50-70% morbidity?

Trypanosoma evansi

Give the 2nd most economically important disease of livestock in the Philippines:

Surra

The etiologic agent of dourine

Trypanosoma equiperdum

Give the clinical signs of dourine

Genital edema, neurologic dysfunction, death

The etiologic agent of mal de caderas or derrengadera

Trypanosoma equinum

Vectors of T. equinum

tabanids

A disease in horse which shows similar clinical signs with surra

Mal de caderas Derrengadera

The etiologic agent of American Trypanosomiasis or Chagas disease

Trypanosoma cruzi

What is the former name of T. cruzi?

Schizotrypanum cruzi

Vectors of T. cruzi

Kissing bugs, Assassin bugs, Triatomes

Classical finding in acute chagas disease

Romanas sign

What is the most common form of chronic Chagas?

heart disease

Digestive system abnormalities of chronic chagas will include?

megaesophagus, megacolon

This disease accounts for 70% of cardiac deaths in young adults in endemic areas

Chagas disease

Destroys the autonomic ganglia of the esophagus and colon

chronic chagas

Known as one of the 7 most important tropical diseases

Leishmaniasis

Amastigotes divides by binary fission at what temp

37 celcius

Give the 2 forms of Leishmania parasites

Amastigotes Promastigotes

Leishmania spp with amastigote residing in large mononuclear cells of the skin

Leishmania tropica

Leishmania species with amastigote found in reticuloendothelial cells and lymphatic tissues

Leishmania mexicana

Leishmania species which amastigotes are found in mucus membrane and promastigote reproduce at hindgut of sandfly

Leishmania braziliensis

Vectors of leishmania

Sandfly, Culicoides sp, Dermacentor variabilis and Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Canine fleas

Dog breed susceptible to Leishmania spp

german shepherd, rottweiler, boxer, cocker spaniel

Breed resistant to leishmania

Ibizan hound

Reservoir host of Leishmania infantum in China

dogs

Reservoir host of Leishmania donovani in Brazil and Central Asia

foxes

Reservoir host of Leishmania donovani in Africa

rodents

Reservoir host of Leishmania donovani in India

humans

It causes small, red papule at bite site where it develops a thin crust that hides a spreading ulcer underneath

Leishmaniasis

What is the most fatal form of Leishmaniasis?

Visceral Leishmaniasis

What are the other names of visceral leishmaniasis?

Kala-azar Dumdum fever

What are the etiologic agents of dumdum fever?

Leishmania donovani Leishmania infantum Leishmania chagasi

Leishmania infantum occurs in?

Mediterranean

Leishmania donovanis is present in?

India and Eastern africa

The incubation period of visceral leishmaniasis

3-8 months

Visceral leishmaniasis is easily mistaken to what other condition?

Malaria

Name 2 etiologic agents of canine leishmaniasis

Leishmania infantum Leishmania braziliensis

Clinical manifestations of Leishmania infantum infection

Onychogryphosis Nasal hyperkeraosis Cutaneous ulcers and erosions Rat tail

Give the 4 other names of cutaneous leishmaniasis

Oriental sore Jericho boil Aleppo boil Delhi boil

The most common form of leishmania?

Cutaneous form

Etiologic agents of cutaneous leishmaniasis

Leishmania tropica Leishmania major

Which Leishmania species are found more in densely populated areas and its lesion is dry, persists for months before ulcerating?

Leishmania tropica

Leishmania species found in sparsely inhabited regions and its papule ulcerates quickly of short duration

Leishmania major

Give the incubtaion period of cutaneous leishmaniasis

1-4 weeks

Give 2 other names for mucocutaneous leishmaniasis

Espundia Uta

Etiologic agent for mucocutaneous leishmaniasis

Leishmania braziliensis

What determines the Spread of Trypanosomiasis?

1. Distribution of vectors 2. Virulence of the Parasite 3. Host preference

What are the Cyclical Development Salivarian group?

1. Trypanosome theileri 2. T. vivax 3. T. congolense 4. Trypanosome brucei gambiense 5. T. b. rhodesiense 6. T. b. brucei

What are the pathogenesis of trypanosomes?

1. Lymphoid enlargement 2. Hemolysis 3. Cell degeneration and inflammatory infiltrate

Symptoms of T. b. gambiense and T. b. rhodesiense

1. Increase apathy 2. Mental dullness 3. Tremor of tongue, hands, paralysis 4. Convulsions 5. Sleeping increases 6. Coma, death

What are the Non-Cyclical Development Salivarian Group?

1. Trypanosome evansi 2. T. equiperdum 3. T. equinum

What are the signs of 1st stage dourine in horses

1. Edematous genitalia 2. urethral/vaginal discharge 3. depigmented penis or vulva

What is the clinical sign of 2nd stage of dourine in horses

1. prominent rash on the sides of body for 3-4 days

What is the 3rd stage of dourine in horses

Paralysis on the neck, nostrils then the hind body

What disease condition produces silver dollar plaques?

Dourine

Stercocarian trypanosomes on rats

T. lewisi, T. palawanense

Stercocarian trypanosomes on sheep

T. melophagium

Stercocarian trypanosomes on monkey and rats

T. canorhini

Stercocarian trypanosomes on frogs

T. chattoni, T. miyagii