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VPara Protozoology > Trypanosoma and Leishmania > Flashcards

Trypanosoma and Leishmania Flashcards

1
Q

Leishsmania species forms of flagella

A

amastigote, promastigote

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2
Q

Trypanosoma brucei forms of flagella

A

epimastigote, trypomastigote

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3
Q

Trypanosoma cruzi forms of flagella

A

All four forms

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4
Q

Trypanosoma are majorly transmitted through?

A

blood feeding invertebrates

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5
Q

Genera and species of Nannomonas

A

T. congolense, T. simiae

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6
Q

genera and species of duttonela

A

T. vivax

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7
Q

Genera and species of Megatrypanum

A

T. theileri, T. melophagium

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8
Q

Genera and species of trypanozoon

A

T. brucei brucei, T. b. gambiense, T. b. rhodesiense, T. b. equinum, T. b. evansi, T. b. equiperdum

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9
Q

Trypanosoma form with very short flagellum projecting only slightly beyond the flagellar pocket

A

Amastigote (Leishmanial)

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10
Q

Trypanosomal form with elongated body with flagellum extending forwards as a functional organelle, its kinetosome and kinetoplast are located in front of the nucleus near the anterior end of the body

A

promastigote (leptomonad)

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11
Q

trypanosomal form with kinetoplast and kinetosome are still located between nucleus and anterior end but a short undulating membrane lies along the proximal part of flagellum

A

epimastigote (crithidial)

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12
Q

kinetoplast and kinetosome are near the posterior end of the body and flagella runs along the surface

A

trypomastigote (trypanosome)

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13
Q

2 broad groups of trypanosomes

A

hemoflagellates, mucoflagellates

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14
Q

trypanosomes developing at anterior portion of the digestive tract

A

salivaria

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15
Q

Salivaria trypanosomes

A

T. brucei, T. evansi, T. congolense, T. vivax

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16
Q

trypanosomes developing ath the vector’s hindgut or posterior station

A

stercoraria

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17
Q

Stercoraria trypanosomes

A

T. cruzi, T. lewisi, T. theileri, T. melophagium, T. canorini

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18
Q

Trypanosomes which do not require development in the I.H.

A

T. equiperdum, T. equinum

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19
Q

What are the modes of transmissions of trypanosomes

A

Cyclical, Non cyclical, Coitus, Transplacental, Ingestion of fresh carcass of infected animal

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20
Q

trypanosomal specie represents the ancestral form

A

T. brucei brucei

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21
Q

2 stages of life cylce of T. brucei

A

epimastigotes, trypomastigote

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22
Q

causes Africal Animal Trypanosomiasis but non pathogenic to humans

A

T. brucei brucei

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23
Q

T. b. brucei resides in?

A

blood, lymph nodes, spleen, csf

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24
Q

horses, mules, donkey and dogs suffer acutely and may die in 15 days, symptoms are anemia, edema, watery eyes and nose, fever, dogs will suffer blindness

A

Nagana (AAT)

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25
Q

parasitic in the bloodstream of sheep, goats, cattle, horses, pigs, and dogs may also be infected but cattle most important

A

Trypomastigotes

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26
Q

most common drug used for trypomastigotes infection

A

berenil

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27
Q

vectors of T. b. gambiense and rhodesiense

A

Glossina palpalis, G. morsitans

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28
Q

Causes HAT or sleeping sickness

A

T. b. gambiense, T. b. rhodesiense

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29
Q

reservoir host of T. b. gambiense

A

goats, cattle, pigs

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30
Q

reservoir host of T. b. rhodesiense

A

wild game animals

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31
Q

T. b. gambiense is transmitted by

A

G. palpalis

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32
Q

T. b. rhodesiense is transmitted by

A

G. morsitans

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33
Q

pathogenesis of HAT iwhere metacyclic trypanosomes are inoculated

A

chancre

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34
Q

known as the swollen and congested lymp nodes at neck, groin, legs in cases of HAT

A

winterbottom’s sign

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35
Q

causes rapid weight loss and heart involvement in case of HAT

A

T. b. rhodesiense

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36
Q

it invades the CNS initiating the chronic, sleeping sickness stage of infection

A

T. b. gambiense

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37
Q

drugs useful for sleeping sickness

A

Melarsoprol, Suramin

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38
Q

causes nagana diseases which is fatal in cattle and other domestic animals as well as wild ruminants

A

Trypanosoma congolense

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39
Q

vectors of T. congolense

A

biting flies, glossina

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40
Q

clinical signs of nagana

A

severe anemia with no immature RBC

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41
Q

causes souma that affects the blood of ruminnats and wild game animals are reservoirs

A

Trypanosoma vivax

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42
Q

clinical signs of vivax

A

mucosal and serosal hemorrhages in the body, anemia

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43
Q

vectors of trypanosoma theileri

A

Biting flies, tabanus, haematopota

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44
Q

affects blood of large ruminants with 65% prevalence in cattle and carabao of the Philippines

A

trypanosoma theileri

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45
Q

it may interfere with the diagnosis of surra and associated with turning sickness in Uganda

A

T. theileri

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46
Q

other names of Surra in S. America

A

Mal de caderas, derrengadera

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47
Q

other names of surra in M. E., Africa, Gufar

A

El debab

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48
Q

surra is known to the Philippines as?

A

bayawak

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49
Q

etioligic agents of surra

A

trypanosoma evansi

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50
Q

surra is most severe in?

A

horses, elephants, dogs

51
Q

Which trypanosoma lacks maxicircle DNA

A

trypanosoma evansi

52
Q

vectors of t. evansi

A

Tabanus, Stomoxys, Lyperosia

53
Q

it has the most widespread amongst the pathogenic trypanosomes which can rise 50-70% morbidity

A

trypanosoma evansi

54
Q

what is the 2nd most economically important disease of livestock in the Philippines

A

Surra

55
Q

etioligic agent of dourine

A

t. equiperdum

56
Q

clinical signs of dourine

A

Genital edema, neurologic dysfunction, death

57
Q

etiologic agents of mal de caderas or derrengadera

A

T. equinum

58
Q

vectors of T. equinum

A

tabanids

59
Q

a disease in horse which shows similar clinical signs with surra

A

Mal de caderas, derrengadera

60
Q

etiologic agent of american trypanosomiasis or chagas disease

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

61
Q

former name of T. cruzi

A

Schizotrypanum cruzi

62
Q

vectors of T. cruzi

A

Kissing bugs, Assassin bugs, Triatomes

63
Q

Classical finding in acute chagas disease

A

Romanas sign

64
Q

acute chagas signs

A

chagoma, romana sign, death may ensue in 3-4 weeks after infection

65
Q

most common form of chronic chagas

A

heart disease

66
Q

digestive system abnormalities of chronic chagas will include?

A

megaesophagus, megacolon

67
Q

it accounts for 70% of cardiac deaths in young adults in endemic areas

A

chagas disease

68
Q

it destroys the autonomic ganglia of the esophagus and colon

A

chronic chagas

69
Q

one of the 7 most important tropical diseases

A

Leishmaniasis

70
Q

amastigotes divides by binary fission at what temp

A

37 celcius

71
Q

Leishmania parasites exist in 2 forms

A

Amastigotes, Promastigotes

72
Q

Leishmania amastigote reside in large mononuclear cells of the skin

A

L. tropica

73
Q

Leishmania amastigote found in reticuloendothelial cells and lymphatic tissues

A

L. mexicana

74
Q

amastigotes are found in reticuloendothelial cells, lymphatic tissues, mucus membrane, and promastigote reproduce at hindgut of sandfly

A

L. braziliensis

75
Q

Vectors of leishmania

A

Sandfly, Culicoides sp, Dermacentor variabilis and Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Canine fleas

76
Q

dog breed susceptible to leishmania

A

german shepherd, rottweiler, boxer, cocker spaniel

77
Q

resistant to leishmania

A

Ibizan hound

78
Q

Reservoir host of L. infantum in China

A

dogs

79
Q

Reservoir host of L. donovani in brazil and central asia

A

foxes

80
Q

Reservoir host of L. donovani in africa

A

rodents

81
Q

Reservoir host of L. donovani in india

A

humans

82
Q

cause small, red papule at bite site where it develops a thin crust that hides a spreading ulcer underneath

A

leishmaniasis

83
Q

most fatal form of leishmaniasis

A

Visceral Leishmaniasis

84
Q

other names of visceral leishmaniasis

A

Kala-azar, Dumdum fever

85
Q

etiologic agent of dumdum fever

A

L. donovani, L. infantum, L. chagasi

86
Q

L. chagasi is common in

A

South america

87
Q

L. infantum occurs in

A

Mediterranean

88
Q

L. donovanis is present in

A

India and Eastern africa

89
Q

incubation period of visceral leishmaniasis

A

3-8 months

90
Q

visceral leishmaniasis is easily mistaken to this condition

A

malaria

91
Q

etiologic agent of canine leishmaniasis

A

L. infantum, L. braziliensis

92
Q

% of ocular lesions in canine leishmaniasis

A

16-81

93
Q

% of splenomegaly in canine leishmaniasis

A

10-53%

94
Q

% of onychogryphosis in canine leishmaniasis

A

20-31

95
Q

Clinical manifestations of L. infantum infection

A

Onychogryphosis, Nasal hyperkeraosis, Cutaneous ulcers and erosions, rat tail

96
Q

other names of cutaneous leishmaniasis

A

Oriental sore, Jericho boil, Aleppo boil, Delhi boil

97
Q

most common form of leishmania

A

cutaneous

98
Q

etiologic agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis

A

L. tropica, L. major

99
Q

found more densely populated areas and its lesion is dry, persists for months before ulcerating

A

L. tropica

100
Q

found in sparsely inhabited regions and its papule ulcerates quicky of short duration

A

L. major

101
Q

incubtaion period of cutaneous leishmaniasis

A

1-4 weeks

102
Q

other names for mucocutaneous leishmaniasis

A

Espundia, Uta

103
Q

etiologic agent for mucocutaneous leishmaniasis

A

L. braziliensis

104
Q

method to diagnose mucocutaneous leishmaniasis through blood culture

A

Novy-Macneal-Nicolle Medium

105
Q

What determines the Spread of Trypanosomiasis?

A
  1. Distribution of vectors
  2. Virulence of the Parasite
  3. Host preference
106
Q

What are the Cyclical Development Salivarian group?

A
  1. Trypanosome theileri
  2. T. vivax
  3. T. congolense
  4. Trypanosome brucei gambiense
  5. T. b. rhodesiense
  6. T. b. brucei
107
Q

What are the pathogenesis of trypanosomes?

A
  1. Lymphoid enlargement
  2. Hemolysis
  3. Cell degeneration and inflammatory infiltrate
108
Q

Symptoms of Nagana

A
  1. Anemia
  2. Edema
  3. Watery eyes and nose
  4. Fever
  5. Blindness (dogs)
109
Q

Symptoms of T. b. gambiense and T. b. rhodesiense

A
  1. Increase apathy
  2. Mental dullness
  3. Tremor of tongue, hands, paralysis
  4. Convulsions
  5. Sleeping increases
  6. Coma, death
110
Q
A
111
Q

What are the Non-Cyclical Development Salivarian Group?

A
  1. Trypanosome evansi
  2. T. equiperdum
  3. T. equinum
112
Q

Clinical signs of Surra in Horses

A
  1. Weakness, fever, emaciation
  2. Abdominal edema
  3. Conjunctivitis, abortion anemia
  4. Death in 1-2 weeks
113
Q

Clinical signs of Surra in Buffaloes

A
  1. Loss of weight
  2. Diarrhea, salivation
  3. Eye discharges
  4. Fever, weakness
  5. Poor growth, anemia
  6. Reproductive failure
  7. Death
114
Q

Clinical signs of surra in goats

A
  1. Weakness and rough hair coat (100%)
  2. Weight loss (100%)
  3. Coughing and dyspnea
  4. Diarrhea
  5. Testicular enlargement
115
Q

What are the signs of 1st stage dourine in horses

A
  1. Edematous genitalia
  2. urethral/vaginal discharge
  3. depigmented penis or vulva
116
Q

What is the clinical sign of 2nd stage of dourine in horses

A
  1. prominent rash on the sides of body for 3-4 days
117
Q

What is the 3rd stage of dourine in horses

A
  1. Paralysis on the neck, nostrils then the hind body
118
Q

What disease condition produces silver dollar plaques?

A

Dourine

119
Q

Stercocarian trypanosomes on rats

A

T. lewisi, T. palawanense

120
Q

Stercocarian trypanosomes on sheep

A

T. melophagium

121
Q

Stercocarian trypanosomes on monkey and rats

A

T. canorhini

122
Q

Stercocarian trypanosomes on frogs

A

T. chattoni, T. miyagii

123
Q

A person with acute chagas disease will die how many weeks after infection?

A

3-4 weeks

124
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of Kala azar?

A
  1. Fever
  2. Spleen enlargement
  3. Lymphadenopathy
  4. Darkening of the skin
  5. Complications such as pneumonia, TB, dysentery, hemorrhage

VPara Protozoology (12 decks)

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