Introduction

Question 1

Which type of nucleus has vegetative function?

Answer 1

Macronucleus

Question 2

Which kind of nucleus is for reproduction?

Answer 2

Micronucleus

Question 3

Which type of nucleus has evenly distributed chromatin (homogenous) and present in ciliates?

Answer 3

Compact

Question 4

Refers to the nucleus concentrated chromatin in a single mass?

Answer 4

Vesicular

Question 5

Cell organelle that carries organs of locomotion (prolongations of the ectoplasm)

Answer 5

Cytoplasm

Question 6

Organelle which regulates osmotic pressure & eliminates waste material

Answer 6

Contractile vacuole

Question 7

They collect dehydrated proteins

Answer 7

golgi bodies

Question 8

Known as the outer part which could be homogenous and hyaline appearance

Answer 8

Ectoplasm

Question 9

Name at least three functions of ectoplasm

Answer 9

1. Movement
2. Food ingestion
3. Excretion
4. Respiration
5. Protection

Question 10

Functional in terms of nutrition since it contain food vacuoles, granular and pigmented

Answer 10

Endoplasm

Question 11

Name at least 3 modes of movement of protozoa

Answer 11

Cilia
Pseudopodia
Flagella
Gliding

Question 12

These are fine, short, flagella like structures present in Trichomonas spp and Balantidium spp

Answer 12

Cilia

Question 13

Refers to false feet present in Entamoeba spp

Answer 13

Pseudopodia

Question 14

Whiplike filamentous structure from a basal granule in the ectoplasm present in trypanosomes

Answer 14

flagella

Question 15

Name 1 Flagellate species

Answer 15

Mastigophora species

Question 16

Name at least 2 protozoa with gliding movement

Answer 16

Toxoplasma, Sarcocystis, Eimeria

Question 17

Types of Nutrition

Answer 17

1. Holophytic
2. Holozoic
3. Saprozoic
4. Autotrophic

Question 18

Describe the nutrition of protozoa

Answer 18

Incapable of utilizing inorganic material; gets food from predigested material from the
intestinal tract, blood or lymphatics

Question 19

This species uses micropyle (micropore) to ingest fluids/solids

Answer 19

Eimeria

Question 20

Refers to the process of ingesting tissues of host through a temporary opening in the body wall

Answer 20

Pinocytosis

Question 21

Pseudopodia or a cytostome are used to ingest food material from plants or animals and passed to a food vacuole

Answer 21

Holozoic

Question 22

Absorb nutrients by diffusion and directly used by the organism; stored food seen inside glycogen granules

Answer 22

saprozoic

Question 23

Type of nutrition of protozoa mainly derived from inorganic compounds

Answer 23

Autotropic

Question 24

Which protozoa ingest tissues of host through temporary opening

Answer 24

Entamoeba, Balantidium

Question 25

Which of the four types of nutrition are mainly observed in parasitic protozoa?

Answer 25

Holozoic or saprozoic

Question 26

Ways of Excretion

Answer 26

1. Osmotic pressure 2. Diffusion 3. Precipitation

Question 27

They survive under low oxygen tension since free oxygen is seldom available in the intestine of host

Answer 27

facultative or obligate anaerobes

Question 28

What are the 2 sexual mechanism?

Answer 28

1. conjugation 2. syngamy

Question 29

Name at least 3 Asexual mechanisms

Answer 29

a) Binary fission b) Multiple fission (schizogony) c) External budding d) Internal budding or endopolygeny e) Sporogony

Question 30

Which reproduction is describes as macronuclei degenerate while the micronuclei divide and pass nuclear materials into each other

Answer 30

Conjugation (ciliata)

Question 31

During conjugation, micronuclei divide and pass nuclear materials into each to form?

Answer 31

Synkarion

Question 32

2 gametes of different sexes fuse to form a zygote which divides by multiple fission to form sporozoites

Answer 32

syngamy

Question 33

Refers to gamonts in pairs

Answer 33

Syzygy

Question 34

Binary fission division for ciliates are along:

Answer 34

transverse axis

Question 35

Give 1 example of protozoan species which demonstrates binary fission.

Answer 35

Trypanosoma

Question 36

Refers to the nucleus dividing several times before cytoplasm does

Answer 36

Multiple fission (schizogony)

Question 37

In multiple fission, dividing form is known as _____, and daughter forms are ______.

Answer 37

schizont; merozoites

Question 38

Protozoa with schizogony reproduction

Answer 38

Coccidia, Plasmodium

Question 39

Asexual reproduction wherein 2 or many daughter forms which is unequal size of fragment of the nucleus and cytoplasm

Answer 39

external budding

Question 40

Refers to simplified form of endopolygeny

Answer 40

endodyogeny

Question 41

Refers to new progenies formed within the parent cell and then break off, destroying it

Answer 41

Internal budding or endopolygeny

Question 42

Give at least 2 internal budding protozoa

Answer 42

Toxoplasma and Sarcocystis

Question 43

After syngamy, sporozoites are formed within the walls of the cyst

Answer 43

Sporogony

Question 44

General Effects of Protozoa Infection

Answer 44

1. Absorb nutrients e.g. Trypanosomes 2. Interfere with normal metabolism by food absorption e.g. Giardia 3. Produce toxin e.g. Sarcocystin 4. Destroys tissue e.g. Coccidia 5. Destroy blood cells and hemopoetic organs e.g. Babesia

Question 45

3 subphyla of Sarcomastigophora

Answer 45

1. Subphylum Mastigophora 2. Subphylum Sarcodina 3. Subphylum Opalinata

Question 46

Sarcomastigophora reproduction is asexually, but when sexually it is essentially through?

Answer 46

Syngamy

Question 47

Which phylum produces spores with no locomotory organ

Answer 47

Phylum Apicomplexa

Question 48

Phylum which is parasitic in nature

Answer 48

Apicomplex

Question 49

Apicomplex species

Answer 49

1. Monocystis 2. Gregarina 3. Plasmodium 4. Babesia 5. Perkinsus

Question 50

Phylum which produce spores with polar filament

Answer 50

Phylum microspora

Question 51

Examples of Microspora

Answer 51

Nosema, burkea, hessea, candospora

Question 52

with amoeboid germinal elements in multicellular spores; trophozoites are multicellular

Answer 52

Phylum Myxozoa

Question 53

Most of the species are free living, quite a number are commensal, some truly parasitic and a large number are found as symphorionts on variety of hosts

Answer 53

Phylum Ciliophora

Question 54

Asexual production of Ciliophora

Answer 54

1. Transverse binary fission 2. Budding 3. Multiple fission

Question 55

Sexual reproduction of Ciliophora

Answer 55

1. Conjugation 2. Autogamy 3. Cytogamy

Question 56

Give the other term for flagellate of protozoa which differentiate it from flagellum of bacteria

Answer 56

Undulipodium

Question 57

Which mode of protozoan movement involves the use of "false feet"?

Answer 57

Pseudopodia

Question 58

Which phylum of protozoa is characterized by the presence of cilia?

Answer 58

Ciliophora