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VPara Protozoology > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

type of nucleus with vegetative function

A

macronucleus

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2
Q

nucleus for reproduction

A

micronucleus

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3
Q

nucleus chromatin evenly distributed (homogenous) and present in ciliates

A

compact

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4
Q

chromatin concentrated in a single mass (endosome or nucleolus)

A

vesicular

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5
Q

carries organs of locomotion (prolongations
of the ectoplasm)

A

cytoplasm

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6
Q

regulates osmotic pressure & eliminates waste material

A

contractile vacuole

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7
Q

collect dehydrated proteins

A

golgi bodies

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8
Q

outer part (homogenous and hyaline appearance)

A

ectoplasm

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9
Q

Functions of ectoplasm

A
  1. Movement
  2. Food ingestion
  3. Excretion
  4. Respiration
  5. Protection
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10
Q

has role for nutrition since it contain food vacuoles, granular and pigmented

A

endoplasm

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11
Q

Modes of movement

A
  • Cilia
  • Pseudopodia
  • Flagella
  • Gliding
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12
Q

fine, short, flagella like structures present in trichomonas and balantidium

A

Cilia

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13
Q

a false feet present in entamoeba

A

pseudopodia

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14
Q

whiplike filamentous structure from a basal granule in the ectoplasm present in trypanosomes

A

flagella

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15
Q

Flagellate species

A

mastigophora species

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16
Q

Gliding movement is usually in these protozoa

A

Toxoplasma, Sarcocystis, Eimeria

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17
Q

Types of Nutrition

A
  1. Holophytic
  2. Holozoic
  3. Saprozoic
  4. Autotrophic
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18
Q

Describe the nutrition of protozoa

A

Incapable of utilizing inorganic material; gets
food from predigested material from the
intestinal tract, blood or lymphatics

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19
Q

uses micropyle (micropore) to ingest fluids/solids

A

eimeria

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20
Q

process of ingesting tissues of host through a temporary opening in the body wall

A

pinocytosis

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21
Q

pseudopodia or a cytostome are used to ingest food material from plants or animals and passed to a food vacuole

A

holozoic

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22
Q

absorb nutrients by diffusion and directly used by the organism; stored food seen inside glycogen granules

A

saprozoic

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23
Q

proteins, COH & lipids are synthesized from them

A

autotropic

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24
Q
A
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25
Q

Which protozoa ingest tissues of host through temporary opening

A

Entamoeba, Balantidium

26
Q

Nutritional type of parasitic protozoa

A

holozoic or saprozoic

27
Q

Ways of Excretion

A
  1. Osmotic pressure
  2. Diffusion
  3. Precipitation
28
Q

survive under low oxygen tension since free oxygen is seldom available in the intestine of host

A

facultative or obligate anaerobes

29
Q

takes free molecular oxygen in and expels carbon dioxide

A

aerobic respiration

30
Q

Sexual mechanism

A
  1. conjugation
  2. syngamy
31
Q

Asexual mechanisms

A

a) Binary fission
b) Multiple fission (schizogony)
c) External budding
d) Internal budding or endopolygeny
e) Sporogony

32
Q

macronuclei degenerate while the micronuclei divide and pass nuclear materials into each other

A

conjugation (ciliata)

33
Q

micronuclei divide and pass nuclear materials into each other forming a

34
Q

2 gametes of different sexes fuse to form a zygote which divides by multiple fission to form sporozoites

35
Q

gamonts in pairs

36
Q

binary fission division for ciliates are along

A

transverse axis

37
Q

Protozoa which during asexual reproduction nucleus divides first then the cytoplasm

A

Trypanosoma

38
Q

Nucleus divides several times before cytoplasm does

A

multiple fission (schizogony)

39
Q

In multiple fission, dividing form is known as _____, and daughter forms are ______

A

schizont; merozoites

40
Q

Protozoa with schizogony reproduction

A

Coccidia, Plasmodium

41
Q

asexual reproduction wherein 2 or many daughter forms which is unequal size of fragment of the nucleus and cytoplasm

A

external budding

42
Q

simplified form of endopolygeny

A

endodyogeny

43
Q

New progenies are formed within the parent
cell and then break off, destroying it

A

internal budding or endopolygeny

44
Q

Internal budding protozoa

A

Toxoplasma and Sarcocystis

45
Q

follows syngamy, sporozoites are formed
within the walls of the cyst

46
Q

General Effects of Protozoa Infection

A
  1. Absorb nutrients e.g. Trypanosomes
  2. Interfere with normal metabolism by food
    absorption e.g. Giardia
  3. Produce toxin e.g. Sarcocystin
  4. Destroys tissue e.g. Coccidia
  5. Destroy blood cells and hemopoetic organs
    e.g. Babesia
48
Q

3 subphyla of Sarcomastigophora

A
  1. Subphylum Mastigophora
  2. Subphylum Sarcodina
  3. Subphylum Opalinata
49
Q

Sarcomastigophora reproduction is asexually, but when sexually it is essentially by _____

50
Q

which phylum produces spores with no locomotory organ

A

Phylum Apicomplexa

51
Q

Apical complex of Phylum Apicomplex is made up of ……

A

polar rings, rhoptries, micronemes, conoid and
subpellicular microtubules

52
Q

sexual reproduction of phylum apicomplex

53
Q

Phylum which is parasitic in nature

A

Apicomplex

54
Q

Apicomplex species

A
  1. Monocystis
  2. Gregarina
  3. Plasmodium
  4. Babesia
  5. Perkinsus
55
Q

Phylum which produce spores with polar filament

A

Phylum microspora

56
Q

Examples of Microspora

A

Nosema, burkea, hessea, candospora

57
Q

with amoeboid germinal elements in multicellular spores; trophozoites are multicellular

A

Phylum Myxozoa

58
Q

Most of the species are free living, quite a number are commensal, some truly parasitic and a large number are found as symphorionts on variety of hosts

A

Phylum Ciliophora

59
Q

Asexual production of Ciliophora

A
  1. Transverse binary fission
  2. Budding
  3. Multiple fission
60
Q

Sexual reproduction of Ciliophora

A
  1. Conjugation
  2. Autogamy
  3. Cytogamy
61
Q

another term for flagellate of protozoa which differentiate it from flagellum of bacteria

A

undulipodium

VPara Protozoology (12 decks)

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