Truma injuries (DONE) Flashcards
What type of injuries can you get to your bones
Fractures
Dislocations
Strain
Sprain
What is a fracture
Break in the bones
What is a dislocation
Where the bones become displaced at the joint
What’s a sprain
Over stretching of a muscle or a tendon
What is a sprain
Occurring at a joint causing a tearing of a ligament
What are the types of fractures
Closed ( where the skin over the surface I’m not broken)
Open ( where the wound is leading down to the fracture )
What is a complicated fracture
Where the injury is to an important structure of the body such as organs blood vessels, nerves and organs
These can either be open or closed
What are the causes of fractures
Direct forces
Indirect force
Muscular action
Pathological ( disease or degeneration to the bone tissue )
What are the symptoms of a fracture
Pain Sensory loss Tenderness Swelling Brushing Deformities
How to asses a spinal injury
Consider mechanism Consider patient Consider signs and symptoms Is the patient mobile Neck movement or deformity Loss of sensation
What are the two methods of immobilisation
Manual immobilisation
Collar, head blocks
How to asses limb injuries
Always compare both sides Always assume a fracture Offer pain relief Immobilised fracture Apply dressing to open wounds Check for motor, sensation and circulation to both sides
What is the extreme fracture assessment
Look
Fell
Deformity, swelling, inflammation
Asses pulses
How to recognise a NOF
Shortened and rotated
What to suggest for sprains and strains
Protect Rest Ice Compression Elevation
What are the 3 main things to mange with wounds
Control of bleeding
Prevention of infection
Prevention of further complications
What are the indications of a inhalation injury
History Hoarse voiced Burns to the head Soot in saliva or sputum Singed nasal hair Raised carboxyhaemoglobin levels
How to asses the burn severity
Time of burn injury
Mechanism of injury
Was the burn within a confined space
How to treat a burn
Cool the burn area for up to 10 minutes
Water should not be iced cold
Cool wet towel can be placed on the burned area on top of the clingfilm
Be aware of risk of hypothermia
Cool the burn but warm the pt
How to dress a burn
Cover burnt area with clingfilm
Wrap the patient up in blankets or duvet p
What to be aware of if a chemical burn
That clingfilm may worsen chemical burn
Continue until pain or burning has decreased
