Cardiovascular Assessment Flashcards
what are the signs and symptoms of left ventricle failure
DIB, crackles on lungs, confusion, dizzness, cyansois
why does left ventricle failure present with oedema
due to sodium and water forced into the interdigital space
what is left ventricle failure
permits blood to pool in the left side of the heart
what is heart failure
heart unable to pump effectively and fast enough which results in insufficient and back up of blood in systemic circulation
what are the risk factors to ischemic heart deases
age
smoking
diabetes
high cholestral
hypertension
what is ischemic heart deases
reduced blood flow to the heart muscles often due to coronary artery deases
when assessing a pulse what are you looking for
rate
regulartiy
strength
what can be identified if an individual has clubbing fingers
suggest signs of hypoxia and that the pt has a serious respiratory and cardiac deases
what is splinter haemorrhages
tiny blood clots under the nails
what are the two treatment options for AF
rate and rhythm management
what is syncope
temporary LOC
what are the symptoms of AF
palpitations dyspnoea chest pain syncope dizzness
what is atrial fibrillation
uncoordinated atrial movement can be seen on ECGS with no P waves and irregular ventricle response
what is the pneumonic for cardiovascular assessment
IPPA
what does a mid sternal star show
signs of a pace maker
what is creptitus
grating, crackling or pooping sounds due to the presence of air in the subcontinuous tissue
what is the DUb sound in the heart show
the closure of the aortic and pulmonary value
what is the LUB sound in the heart beat
closure of the mutual and tricuspid valve
what does a normal heart sound like on ausulation
LUB-DUB
other questions to ask regarding your cardiovascular system?
any pain or pressure in your chest, arm or neck?
are you short of breath? at rest or on exertion?
any swelling in your ankles?
do you get any palpations?
do you ever get pain in your calves when you walk?
what to ask when gaining a cardiac history?
do you have any other medical conditions?
any previous hospital admissions for a similar event?
any history of any cardiac related incident
what questions can you ask about the history of pt presenting complaint in regards to chest pain
how did it begin?
how severe is the pain and breathlessness ?
what where you doing when it started?
did the pain start at rest of on exertion?
have you taking any medication to resolve these symptoms ? how effective was it?
what is left ventricular failure
The left ventricle cannot pump out sufficient blood
• Results in pooling in the left ventricle and atrium
what is stable angina ?
• Stable Angina is generally characterised by pain on exertion
or with emotional excitement
• It is usually due to lack of oxygen to the heart muscle. Blood
supply is decreased due to atherosclerosis or spasm
