Trigeminal

Question 1

What fibres types are carried by the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 1

SVE and GSA

Question 2

Through which hole does the ophthalmic division of trigeminal pass as it exits the cranial cavity?

Answer 2

Superior orbital fissure

Question 3

What are the branches of the ophthalmic division of trigeminal?

Answer 3

Nasocilliary
Lacrimal
Frontal

Question 4

Which division of the ophthalmic nerve are the ethmoidal Nerves branches of?

Answer 4

Nasocilliary

Question 5

Which nerve terminates as the external nasal nerve?

Answer 5

Anterior ethmoidal branch of nasocilliary branch of ophthalmic

Question 6

Name the branches of the nasocilliary nerve

Answer 6

Anterior and posterior ethmoidal
Short ciliary nerve
Ganglionic branch
Infra trochlea nerve

Question 7

What structures are supplied by the lacrimal nerve?

Answer 7

GSA to lacrimal gland and upper eye lid. Carries GVE of facial nerve to lacrimal gland.

Question 8

What structures are supplied by the posterior ethmoidal nerve?

Answer 8

Posterior ethmoidal air sinus and sphenoid sinus.

Question 9

Which branches of the maxillary nerve provide GSA to the anterior face?

Answer 9

Zygomaticotemporal
Zygomaticofacial
Infraorbital

Question 10

Describe the origin of the infraorbital nerve and it’s course.

Answer 10

The infraorbital nerve is the continuation of the maxillary nerve which changes its name when it passes through the inferior orbital fissure and runs in the infraorbital groove. It then passes through the infraorbital foramen anteriorly to emerge on the anterior surface of the face.

Question 11

Describe the nerve supply from the maxillary nerve to the nasal cavity.

Answer 11

Nasopalatine nerve passes through the sphenopalatine foramen to run on the medial aspect of the nose.
Posterior superior and posterior superior nasal nerves run on the lateral surface of the nose. These are both branches of the greater palatine nerve.

Question 12

What constitutes the superior dental plexus?

Answer 12

This is comprised of the posterior, anterior and middle superior alveolar Nerves.

Question 13

Where do Superior alveolar Nerves arise from?

Answer 13

Posterior - maxillary nerve

Middle and anterior - infraorbital nerve.

Question 14

How is anaesthesia applied to the posterior upper teeth?

Answer 14

This can be applied by anaesthetising the posterior superior alveolar nerve through the infratemporal fossa.

Question 15

Where May pain be referred to in maxillary sinusitis?

Answer 15

The upper teeth as these are supplied by the superior alveolar Nerves which run through the maxillary mucosa.

Question 16

Through which foramen does the maxillary division of trigeminal leave the cranial cavity?

Answer 16

Foramen rotundum.

Question 17

What do the lesser palatine Nerves supply?

Answer 17

Soft palate

Question 18

Which division of the trigeminal nerve provides innervation to the palate?

Answer 18

Maxillary

Question 19

Explain how anaesthesia of the anterior face can cause Diplopia.

Answer 19

Anaesthesia is applied through the infra-orbital foramen. If this structure is penetrated then anaesthesia will be injected into the inferior orbit and cause anaesthesia of these structures preventing synchronised eye movements.

Question 20

What nerve supplies the superior buccal gingivae?

Answer 20

Superior dental plexus from superior alveolar nerves

Question 21

What nerve supplies the palatial gingivae I’d the upper teeth?

Answer 21

Greater palatine, nasopalatine anteriorly.

Question 22

Which nerve supplies the lower teeth?

Answer 22

Inferior alveolar nerve

Question 23

Which nerve supplies the lingual gingivae of the Lower teeth?

Answer 23

Lingual nerve

Question 24

Which nerve supplies the buccal gingivae of the Lower teeth?

Answer 24

Inferior alveolar nerve

Question 25

What does the incisive nerve do?

Answer 25

It supplies the anterior Lower teeth and is a continuation of the inferior alveolar nerve.

Question 26

Which parasympathetic ganglia are associated with The mandibular nerve?

Answer 26

Otic and submandibular ganglia

Question 27

What fibres are carried in the mandibular nerve?

Answer 27

GVE to salivary glands (from other nerves)
SVE to muscles of mastication (predominantly anterior trunk)
GSA to Inferior face and oral cavity (predominantly posterior trunk)

Question 28

Describe the auriculotemporal nerve

Answer 28

It is a branch of the mandibular nerve which runs posterior and splits as it surrounds the middle meningeal artery before reforming into one nerve to turn superiorly and supply the skin of the temporal region. It also supplies the substance of the parotid gland and carries glossopharyngeal fibres for secretormotor function (SVE).

Question 29

Which branch of the anterior trunk of the mandibular nerve is sensory?

Answer 29

Long buccal nerve. This is important because it supplies sensory to the cheek and posterior molars buccal gingivae so must be anaesthetised in these procedures.

Question 30

Which muscles receive motor supply from V3?

Answer 30

Mylohyoid, anterior belly digastric, tensor veli palatini, tensor tympani, medial and lateral pterygoid, temporalis

Question 31

Where does the mental nerve originate from?

Answer 31

The mental nerve is a branch of the inferior alveolar nerve which runs in the mandibular canal.

Question 32

What is the incisive nerve?

Answer 32

This is the continuation of the inferior alveolar nerve in the mandibular canal after the mental nerve has branched away from it.

Question 33

Describe the course of the lingual nerve.

Answer 33

This emerges into the infratemporal fossa and runs anteriorly inferiorly to pass medial to the ramus of the mandible and pass immediately posterior to the posterior molars.

Question 34

Describe the branches of the inferior alveolar nerve,

Answer 34

This nerve passes inferiorly and immediately before it passes into the mandibular foramen it gives off the nerve to mylohyoid which supplies mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric. The inferior alveolar nerve enters the mandibular foramen and runs within the mandibular canal before giving off the mental nerve which moves through the mental foramen and continuing its course as the incisive nerve,