Trigeminal Flashcards
What fibres types are carried by the trigeminal nerve?
SVE and GSA
Through which hole does the ophthalmic division of trigeminal pass as it exits the cranial cavity?
Superior orbital fissure
What are the branches of the ophthalmic division of trigeminal?
Nasocilliary
Lacrimal
Frontal
Which division of the ophthalmic nerve are the ethmoidal Nerves branches of?
Nasocilliary
Which nerve terminates as the external nasal nerve?
Anterior ethmoidal branch of nasocilliary branch of ophthalmic
Name the branches of the nasocilliary nerve
Anterior and posterior ethmoidal
Short ciliary nerve
Ganglionic branch
Infra trochlea nerve
What structures are supplied by the lacrimal nerve?
GSA to lacrimal gland and upper eye lid. Carries GVE of facial nerve to lacrimal gland.
What structures are supplied by the posterior ethmoidal nerve?
Posterior ethmoidal air sinus and sphenoid sinus.
Which branches of the maxillary nerve provide GSA to the anterior face?
Zygomaticotemporal
Zygomaticofacial
Infraorbital
Describe the origin of the infraorbital nerve and it’s course.
The infraorbital nerve is the continuation of the maxillary nerve which changes its name when it passes through the inferior orbital fissure and runs in the infraorbital groove. It then passes through the infraorbital foramen anteriorly to emerge on the anterior surface of the face.
Describe the nerve supply from the maxillary nerve to the nasal cavity.
Nasopalatine nerve passes through the sphenopalatine foramen to run on the medial aspect of the nose.
Posterior superior and posterior superior nasal nerves run on the lateral surface of the nose. These are both branches of the greater palatine nerve.
What constitutes the superior dental plexus?
This is comprised of the posterior, anterior and middle superior alveolar Nerves.
Where do Superior alveolar Nerves arise from?
Posterior - maxillary nerve
Middle and anterior - infraorbital nerve.
How is anaesthesia applied to the posterior upper teeth?
This can be applied by anaesthetising the posterior superior alveolar nerve through the infratemporal fossa.
Where May pain be referred to in maxillary sinusitis?
The upper teeth as these are supplied by the superior alveolar Nerves which run through the maxillary mucosa.
Through which foramen does the maxillary division of trigeminal leave the cranial cavity?
Foramen rotundum.
What do the lesser palatine Nerves supply?
Soft palate
Which division of the trigeminal nerve provides innervation to the palate?
Maxillary
Explain how anaesthesia of the anterior face can cause Diplopia.
Anaesthesia is applied through the infra-orbital foramen. If this structure is penetrated then anaesthesia will be injected into the inferior orbit and cause anaesthesia of these structures preventing synchronised eye movements.
What nerve supplies the superior buccal gingivae?
Superior dental plexus from superior alveolar nerves
What nerve supplies the palatial gingivae I’d the upper teeth?
Greater palatine, nasopalatine anteriorly.
Which nerve supplies the lower teeth?
Inferior alveolar nerve
Which nerve supplies the lingual gingivae of the Lower teeth?
Lingual nerve
Which nerve supplies the buccal gingivae of the Lower teeth?
Inferior alveolar nerve
What does the incisive nerve do?
It supplies the anterior Lower teeth and is a continuation of the inferior alveolar nerve.
Which parasympathetic ganglia are associated with The mandibular nerve?
Otic and submandibular ganglia
What fibres are carried in the mandibular nerve?
GVE to salivary glands (from other nerves)
SVE to muscles of mastication (predominantly anterior trunk)
GSA to Inferior face and oral cavity (predominantly posterior trunk)
Describe the auriculotemporal nerve
It is a branch of the mandibular nerve which runs posterior and splits as it surrounds the middle meningeal artery before reforming into one nerve to turn superiorly and supply the skin of the temporal region. It also supplies the substance of the parotid gland and carries glossopharyngeal fibres for secretormotor function (SVE).
Which branch of the anterior trunk of the mandibular nerve is sensory?
Long buccal nerve. This is important because it supplies sensory to the cheek and posterior molars buccal gingivae so must be anaesthetised in these procedures.
Which muscles receive motor supply from V3?
Mylohyoid, anterior belly digastric, tensor veli palatini, tensor tympani, medial and lateral pterygoid, temporalis
Where does the mental nerve originate from?
The mental nerve is a branch of the inferior alveolar nerve which runs in the mandibular canal.
What is the incisive nerve?
This is the continuation of the inferior alveolar nerve in the mandibular canal after the mental nerve has branched away from it.
Describe the course of the lingual nerve.
This emerges into the infratemporal fossa and runs anteriorly inferiorly to pass medial to the ramus of the mandible and pass immediately posterior to the posterior molars.
Describe the branches of the inferior alveolar nerve,
This nerve passes inferiorly and immediately before it passes into the mandibular foramen it gives off the nerve to mylohyoid which supplies mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric. The inferior alveolar nerve enters the mandibular foramen and runs within the mandibular canal before giving off the mental nerve which moves through the mental foramen and continuing its course as the incisive nerve,
