Root of the Neck Flashcards
List the boundaries of the superior thoracic inlet
Body of T1 Vertebrae, medial border of the 1st Rib and Costal Cartilages, Manubrium of the Sternum.
Name two causes of thoracic outlet syndrome
Neurogenic, Vascular
Caused by compression of the structures due to muscle hypertrophy or a cervical rib
Where in relation to the Scalenus Anterior muscle do the subclavian artery and vein pass?
Vein passes anteriorly and Artery passes posteriorly.
Name 2 structures which pass anteriorly to the Scalenus Anterior muscle
Subclavian vein and phrenic nerve
Where do the subclavian vessels change their name to axillary vessels?
Lateral border of the first rib
Describe the course of the Vertebral Artery
It is a branch of the 1st part of the subclavian artery and passes between Scalenus Anterior and longus coli before passing into the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae and entering the cranial cavity through foramen magnum.
What structures are supplied by the internal thoracic artery?
Breast tissue, pectoralis, intercostal muscles.
What is the 4th branch or the subclavian artery?
Costocervical artery.
This produces the deep cervical artery and the 1st and 2nd posterior intercostal arteries.
Describe the course of the dorsal scapula Artery. In anatomical variation what is this the equivalent of?
It is a branch of the 3rd part of the subclavian artery and passes through the brachial plexus to supply latissimus Doris, trapezius and the rhomboid muscles.
It’s equivalent branch is the deep branch of the transverse cervical artery.
Name the 3 branches of the thyrocervical trunk
Inferior thyroid
Suprascapular
Superficial cervical. (Transverse cervical superficial branch).
Which artery supplies supraspinatous and infraspinatous muscles and glenohumoral and acromioclavicular joints
Suprascapular Artery
A branch of which nerve runs with the inferior thyroid artery?
Recurrent laryngeal nerve which is a branch of the vagus nerve.
List the venous structures which contribute to the brachiocephalic vein.
The vein forms from the Internal Jugular Vein and the subclavian vein. It receives drainage from the vertebral vein and the inferior thyroid veins.
Name the structures which form the superior vena cava
Left and right brachiocephalic veins
Where do the vertebral veins drain to?
The brachiocephalic veins
Where do the internal thoracic veins drain into?
Subclavian vein
describe the course of blood within the external jugular vein to the superior vena cava.
EJV drains into the subclavian vein which then joins with the IJV to form the brachiocephalic vein which then forms the SVC with the contralateral brachiocephalic vein.
What two structures are connected by the communicating vein?
Anterior and External Jugular Veins.
Which brachiocephalic vein does the majority of thyroid venous drainage enter?
Left
Where are sympathetic cervical ganglia found in the neck
In a chain posterior to the common carotid artery,
What is the stellate ganglion?
This is the most inferior sympathetic ganglion in the neck and is made up from the inferior cervical and superior thoracic ganglia.
What are cervical cardiac nerves and where do they originate?
These are autonomic fibres which pass down through the root of the neck.
Parasympathetic fibres are branches of the vagus nerve.
Sympathetic fibres originate from the ganglia in the neck.
Discuss the course of the phrenic nerve inferior to the subclavian artery
It splits giving off an accessory phrenic nerve and these pass either side of the internal thoracic artery.
What is of clinical importance in cannulation of the neck.
Care must be taken not to penetrate the suprapleural membrane which surrounds the parietal pleura of the lung as this may lead to a pneumothorax.
Which region of the body is not drained by the thoracic duct?
RUQ
Where does the thoracic duct return lymph into venous circulation?
Where the subclavian and internal jugular veins meet on the Left side of the neck.
