Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle

Question 1

does the TCA cycle require oxygen

Answer 1

Yes it operates aerobically

Question 2

where does the TCA cycle occur ?

Answer 2

mitochondrion

Question 3

what compounds can be converted to acetyl coA and enter the TCA cycle ?

Answer 3

pamitate, glucose, acetoacetate, ethamol and alanine

Question 4

what vitamins and coenzymes are required for the TCA cylce ?

Answer 4

coenzyme A, niacin, riboflavin, thiamine, lipoic acid, and biotin

Question 5

in order to begin the TCA cycle you need to converte pyruvate to what compound /

Answer 5

acetyl coA

Question 6

how do we convert pyruvate to acetyl coA ?

Answer 6

via the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

Question 7

what are the 5 enzymes required for the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA

Answer 7

NAD, CoA, thiamine, lipoate, and FAD

Question 8

per oxidation of acetyl CoA how many ATP and NADH and FADH2 do we get

Answer 8

3 NADHm, 1 FADH and 2 CO2

Question 9

what is the role of OAA

Answer 9

the role of OAA is to produce a 4 C intermediate that can combine with acetyl CoA a 2 carbon intermediate to forma 6 carbon unit

Question 10

what enzyme is required to convert acetyl CoA to Citrate ?

Answer 10

citrate synthase (uses OAA)

Question 11

oxidation and decarboxylation of isocitrate uses what enzyme ?

Answer 11

isocitrate dehydrogenase

Question 12

oxidation and decarboxylation of isocitrate converts it to

Answer 12

alpha ketoglutarate

Question 13

citrate is converted to isocitrate via

Answer 13

aconitrase

Question 14

alpha ketoacid dehydrgoenase complex requires what coenzymes

Answer 14

thimain, lipoate and FAD

Question 15

alpha ketoacid dehydrogenase converts alpha ketoglutarate to

Answer 15

succinyl CoA

Question 16

what is associated with alcoholis

Answer 16

thiamine absorption (beri beri disease_

Question 17

wet beri beri

Answer 17

edema, heart failure

Question 18

dry beri beri

Answer 18

polyneuropathy

Question 19

the conversion of succinly coA to succine uses what enzyme

Answer 19

succinate thiokinase

Question 20

the conversion of succinly CoA to succinate produces

Answer 20

GTP (substrate level phosphorlyation)

Question 21

what is convanetly attached to succinate thiokinase ?

Answer 21

FAD

Question 22

where is succinate thiokinase located

Answer 22

the inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 23

where are all enzymes except succinate thiokinase located ?

Answer 23

mitochondrial matrix

Question 24

succinate to fumarate produces

Answer 24

1 FADH2

Question 25

malate to OAA produes

Answer 25

1 NADH

Question 26

iosicitrate to alpha ketoglutarate produces

Answer 26

1 NADH

Question 27

alpha ketoglutuarea to succinyl CoA produces

Answer 27

1 GTP

Question 28

citrate can be sent for

Answer 28

fatty acid synthesis

Question 29

alpha ketogluturate can be sent for

Answer 29

amino acid synthesis and neurotransmitters

Question 30

malate can be sent for

Answer 30

gluconeogensis

Question 31

OAA can be sent for

Answer 31

amino acid synthesis

Question 32

succinyl CoA can be sent for

Answer 32

heme synthesis

Question 33

amino acids can be used to make ________which then can help replenish

Answer 33

pyruvate, OAA

Question 34

acetyl CoA and be made from

Answer 34

carbohydrates, fatty acids, and amino acids

Question 35

what is used to help reproduce alpha ketoglutarate

Answer 35

glutamate

Question 36

what is used to produce propionyl CoA

Answer 36

valine, isoleucine, and odd chain fatty acids

Question 37

proprionyl CoA is converted to

Answer 37

succinyl CoA

Question 38

aspartate can be used to create

Answer 38

OAA

Question 39

what can be used to form fumarate

Answer 39

amino acids

Question 40

what is the enzyme that is required to replenish OAA

Answer 40

pyruvate carboxylase

Question 41

when acetyl CoA increases what is the action on pyruvate carboxylase ?

Answer 41

activates it

Question 42

what coenzme does pyruvate carboxylase require

Answer 42

biotin (vitamin B), thimain pyrophosphate, lipoate, and FAD

Question 43

what is the significance of avidin ?

Answer 43

avidin is a complex with avidin causing a biotin deficiency

Question 44

what are the activators of pyruvate dehydrogenase

Answer 44

pyruvate, CoA, NAD, calcium and ADP

Question 45

inhibitors of pyruvate dehydrogenase

Answer 45

acetyl CoA and NADH

Question 46

rate of flux through the TCA cycle depends on

Answer 46

ration of NADH to NAD and ATP to ADP

Question 47

what are the major sites of regulation through the TCA cycle ?

Answer 47

isocitrate dehydrogenase and alpha ketoglutarate dehyrogenase

Question 48

what are the inhibitors of isocitrate dehydrogenase

Answer 48

NADH

Question 49

what are teh inhibotrs of alpha ketogluturate dehydrogenase

Answer 49

NADH

Question 50

what are the activators of alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

Answer 50

calcium

Question 51

what are the activators of isocitrate dehydrogenase

Answer 51

calcium and ADP

Question 52

how do we get proteins imported into the mitochondria ?

Answer 52

chaperone proteins

Question 53

what is the translocase in the outer memebrane

Answer 53

TOM complex

Question 54

what is the translocase in the inner membrane

Answer 54

TIM

Question 55

what is the chaperone in the matrix

Answer 55

HSP60