The Electron Transport Chain Flashcards
TCA enzymes are located in
matrix
ATP synthase is located in the
inner mitochondrial membrane
beta oxidation occurs in the
matrix of the mitochondria
the hydrogen acceptor part of NAD+ is made from
niacin or vitamin B3
where is the ETC located
inner mitochondrial membrane
in order what are the four complexes of the ETC
NADH dehydrogenase, cytochrome b-c ( complex III), cytochrome oxidase (complex IV), and then finally ATP synthase–> complex 1,3,4, atp synthase)
succinate dehydrogenase is located in
complex II
what drives protons back into the mitochondrial matrix ?
proton motive force
how many hydrogen are transferred out for each ATP synthesized
4
what was the chemiosmotic model by peter mitchell ?
energy is released as electrons are passed down the transport chain and this energy is used to pump promotons out of the matrix forming an electorchemical gradient along the membrane; electrons move down the gradient, reentering the matrix through a pore in the enzyme ATP synthase, this causes a conformational change in ATP synthase, resulting in the catalysis of ATP production
what are the inhibitors of complex I
amytal
demerol and rotenone
what are the inhibitors of coenzyme Q
doxorubicin (cancer drug)
what are the inhibitors of complex III
antimycin
complex IV
azide, carbon monoxide and cyanide
vitamin b3, niacin deficiency inhibits
complex I
vitamin b2, riboflavin inhibits
complex II
Fe; heme synthesis inhibits
complex III, cytochrome c and complex IV
energy as oxidation is dissipated as
heat
the inner mitochondrial membrane of BAT contains ______________
thermogenin
__________-is a protein that transports protons across the membrane and uncouples oxidation phosphorylation producing heat instead of ATP
thermogenin
high concentration of salicylate does what
partially uncouples mitochondria causes decrease ATP and increase in AMP causing metabolic acidosis
what happens when there is decreased O2
ischemia can result in inadequate oxygn supply with the MPTP opens, protons and other ions flood in and the mitochodrion swells and release of cytochryome c further activates apoptosis
LHON (
sudden blindness in youn gmales, less common symptoms such as mild dementia, peripheral neuropathy and inherited maternally, caused by mutations in complexes 1,2,4 and 90%caused by mutations in NADH dehydrogenase
MERFF
myoclonus, ataxia, muscle weakness, deafness, and progressive dementia, caused by mutations in mitochondrial RNA’s
MELAS
progressive neurodegenerative diseases, onset 5–15 years, caused by mutations in tRNA
