Metabolic Fuels and Dietary Components Flashcards
when something is oxidized does it create or use enregy
it creates energy
when carbohydrate lipid and proteins are oxidized they produce
heat, carbon dioxide and ATP
biosynthetic processes are referred to as
anabolic processes
degradative energy producing processes are referred to as
catabolic processes
ATP is produced via
metabolism or catabolism
what is the most predominant sugar in the human blood ?
glucose
complete oxidation of dietary carbohydrates yields how much
4kcal/g
________– and _________-are polymers of glucose
starch and glycogen
_______-is the storage form of glucose in plants
stach
____________is the storage form of glucose in animals
glycogen
complete oxidation produces
4kcal/g
complete oxidation of dietary lipids produces
9kcal/g
complete oxidation of alchohol produces
7 kcal/g
__________is the energy expenditure necessary to maintain basic physiolgoic function (at rest, awake, warm environment, 12 hour afte ra meal and 12 hour after significant physical activity)
basal metabolic rate
the estimation of BMR is
1kcal per kg weight per hour
DEE
BMR+ physical activity + DIT factor
what provides the greatest variation in energy expenditure
physical activity
for DEE of a sedentary person
multiply BMR by 1.3
for DEE of a moderate exerciser
multiply BMR by 1.7
for DEE of a person who exercises heavily
multiply BMR by 2
carloric balance
consumption-expenditure
BMI
weight (kg)/height (m)
underweight
BMI less than 18.5
desirable
18.5-25
overweight
25-30
obese
greater than 30
what are the two essential fatty acids required in the diet
linoleic and linolenic aicd
what are the fat soluble vitamins
ADEK
what are the water soluble vitamins
BC
what are the 10 essential amino acids
valine methionine lysine histidine phenylalanine leucine isoleucine threonine tryptophan arginine (very many little hairy pigs live in the torrid argentine)
_______is a protein malnutrition although caloric intake may be adequate
kwashiorkor
_________is a caloric malnutrition where diet is inadequate in carloic intake and patient appears emaciated
maramus
vitamin D deficiency causes
rickets
vitamin A deficiency causes
night blindness
vitamin C deficiency causes
scurvy
what are the four main diseases that are known to be affected by diet
heart disease
malignant neoplasms all forms
stroke
diabetes mellitus
effect of trans fatty acids
increased LDL and increased HDL
effect of saturated fatty acids
increased LDL and little effect on HDL
effect of monounsaturated fatty acid
decreased LDL, maintain or increase HDL
omega 6 FA
decrease hdl and ldl and provide arachidonic aicd
omega 3 fatty acid
little effect on LDL or little effect on HDL suppresses cardiac arrhythmias reduce serum triacylglycerols and decrease the tendency for thrombosis and lowers blood pressure
what are the three compounds that are known at affected coronary heart disease
monosaturated fatty acid
omega 6
omega 3
