Bioenergetics Flashcards
when fuels are oxidized they produce
water and carbon dioxide
phase 1 of respiration is
oxidation of fuels
phase 2 of respiration is
ATP generation from oxidation phosphorylation
bioenergetics of the cell
the transformation and utilization of energy in the cell
what tissue requires the msot ATP per gram of tissue
kidneys
does skeletal muscle while running or the heart require for ATP/g of tissue
skeletal muscle while running
gibbs free energy
total energy in a system which is available to do work
delta G is
the change in free energy which occurs in a chemical process
formula for delta G
delta H-Ts
delta H
enthalpy change (chagne in heat)
delta S
entropy change (change in disorder)
when delta G is negative
we have lost energy, reaction is spontaneous and is exergonic
when delta G is positive
net gain of energy, reaction will not go spontaneously, reaction is endergonic and energy must be supplied to make the reaction go S-P
when delta G is zero
reaction is at equilibrum
delta G not
free energy change under standard conditions ( 25C and ph 7)
delta G not prime=
-rtln (Keq)
what does delta Gnot prime provide
uniform convention for measuring free energy changes and a definition of where the equilibrium lies
the delta G for the overal reaction is the
sum of the individual reactions
what are the three methods for producing ATP
substrate level phosphorylation, direct attachment of phosphate or by a transfer of a high energy metabolite
succinate thiokinase reaction is an example of
ATP by direct attachment of a phosphate
examples of compounds with high energy phosphate bonds
1,3 BPG
PEP
creatine phosphate
acetyl CoA
what is the high energy phosphate reservoir in the brain, muscle and psermatozoa ?
creatine phosphate
where is the ETC located
inner mitochondrial membrane
NAD is synthesized from
niacin
FAD is made from
riboflavin (vitamin B2)
the reduction of NAD results in
NADH
most of our ATP is produced by
oxidative phosphorylation except in hypoxic circumstances
in hypoxia you have a decrease or increase in pH
decrease (alcolosis)
