Bioenergetics

Question 1

when fuels are oxidized they produce

Answer 1

water and carbon dioxide

Question 2

phase 1 of respiration is

Answer 2

oxidation of fuels

Question 3

phase 2 of respiration is

Answer 3

ATP generation from oxidation phosphorylation

Question 4

bioenergetics of the cell

Answer 4

the transformation and utilization of energy in the cell

Question 5

what tissue requires the msot ATP per gram of tissue

Answer 5

kidneys

Question 6

does skeletal muscle while running or the heart require for ATP/g of tissue

Answer 6

skeletal muscle while running

Question 7

gibbs free energy

Answer 7

total energy in a system which is available to do work

Question 8

delta G is

Answer 8

the change in free energy which occurs in a chemical process

Question 9

formula for delta G

Answer 9

delta H-Ts

Question 10

delta H

Answer 10

enthalpy change (chagne in heat)

Question 11

delta S

Answer 11

entropy change (change in disorder)

Question 12

when delta G is negative

Answer 12

we have lost energy, reaction is spontaneous and is exergonic

Question 13

when delta G is positive

Answer 13

net gain of energy, reaction will not go spontaneously, reaction is endergonic and energy must be supplied to make the reaction go S-P

Question 14

when delta G is zero

Answer 14

reaction is at equilibrum

Question 15

delta G not

Answer 15

free energy change under standard conditions ( 25C and ph 7)

Question 16

delta G not prime=

Answer 16

-rtln (Keq)

Question 17

what does delta Gnot prime provide

Answer 17

uniform convention for measuring free energy changes and a definition of where the equilibrium lies

Question 18

the delta G for the overal reaction is the

Answer 18

sum of the individual reactions

Question 19

what are the three methods for producing ATP

Answer 19

substrate level phosphorylation, direct attachment of phosphate or by a transfer of a high energy metabolite

Question 20

succinate thiokinase reaction is an example of

Answer 20

ATP by direct attachment of a phosphate

Question 21

examples of compounds with high energy phosphate bonds

Answer 21

1,3 BPG
PEP
creatine phosphate
acetyl CoA

Question 22

what is the high energy phosphate reservoir in the brain, muscle and psermatozoa ?

Answer 22

creatine phosphate

Question 23

where is the ETC located

Answer 23

inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 24

NAD is synthesized from

Answer 24

niacin

Question 25

FAD is made from

Answer 25

riboflavin (vitamin B2)

Question 26

the reduction of NAD results in

Answer 26

NADH

Question 27

most of our ATP is produced by

Answer 27

oxidative phosphorylation except in hypoxic circumstances

Question 28

in hypoxia you have a decrease or increase in pH

Answer 28

decrease (alcolosis)