Glycolysis

Question 1

what is the definition of glycolysis

Answer 1

the catabolism of glucose to pyruvate or lactate

Question 2

what is the general products of anaerobic glycolysis

Answer 2

glucose is converted to lactate and ATP is produce by substrate level phosphorylation

Question 3

what is the general products of aerobic glycolysis

Answer 3

glucose is converted to pyruvate and ATP is produced by oxidative and substrate level phosphorlation

Question 4

what enzyme converts glucose into glucose 6 phosphate

Answer 4

hexokinase and it requires ATP

Question 5

what enzyme convertes fructose 6 phosphate into fructose 1,6 bisphosphate

Answer 5

phosphfructokinase and it recuires ATP

Question 6

the final conversion of fructose 1,6 bisphosphate to pyruvate produces how many ATP and 2 NADH

Answer 6

4 ATP and 2 NADH

Question 7

where does glycolysis occur ?

Answer 7

pyruvate to acetyl coA and TCA cycle in mitochondria

Question 8

step occuring in the preparative phase ?

Answer 8

glucose is converted to fructose 1,6 bisphosphate

Question 9

phase 2 of glucose includes

Answer 9

2 triosphosphates converted to two molecules of pyruvate yielding 4 ATP and 2 NADH

Question 10

glucose is converted to glucose 6 phosphate in the LIVER by what enzyme ?

Answer 10

glucokinase

Question 11

what is the enzyme called that convertes glucose 6 phosphate into fructose 6 phosphate ?

Answer 11

phosphoglucose isomerase

Question 12

fructose 1,6 bisphosphate isconverted to glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate via

Answer 12

aldolase and uses triose phosphate isomerase

Question 13

G3P is converted to 1,3 BPG ia

Answer 13

glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase, produces NADH

Question 14

1,3 BPG is converted to 3 PPG via

Answer 14

phosphoglycerase kinase, creates ATP

Question 15

3 phosphoglycerate is converted to 2 phosphoglycerate via

Answer 15

phosphoglyceromutase

Question 16

2 phosphoglycerate is converted to phosphenolpyruate via

Answer 16

enolase, releases H20

Question 17

phosphoenol pyruvate is converted to pyruvate via

Answer 17

pyruvate kinase

Question 18

the two enzymes that use ATP is glycolysis and phosphorlyate are

Answer 18

hexokinase and PFK-1

Question 19

what is the role of aldolase in gycolysis reaction

Answer 19

hexose, a 6 carbon sugar is converted to 2 trioses

Question 20

what are the two steps that produce ATP via substarte level phosphorlyation

Answer 20

PGK, and the PK reaction

Question 21

NADH produces how many moles of ATP via oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 21

2.5

Question 22

what is the enzyme involved the anaerobic glycolysis

Answer 22

lactate dehydrogenase

Question 23

what is the final product of anaerobic glycolysis

Answer 23

lactate

Question 24

what structures of the body rely on anerobic glycolysis

Answer 24

RBC’s and cornea and the lens

Question 25

if the mitochodria were injured would energy still beable to be produced ?

Answer 25

yes because the mitochodnria are not necessary for anaerobic glycolysis

Question 26

how do the NADH get into the mitochondria so that they can go through the ETC ?

Answer 26

via the glycerol 3 phosphate shuttle

Question 27

how many ATP yields from FADH2

Answer 27

1.5

Question 28

what are the two shuttles to get NADH into the mitochondria ?

Answer 28

malate and G3p shuttle

Question 29

glycolysis provides the precursors for fatty acid biosyntheiss via

Answer 29

pyruvate

Question 30

glycolysis provides the precursors for triacyglyceroal formation via

Answer 30

G3P

Question 31

what amino acids have precursors from glycolysis

Answer 31

alanine, serine, glycine, and cysteine

Question 32

ribose 5 phosphate rely on what intermediates from glycolysis

Answer 32

from G3p and f6p

Question 33

what intermediate of glycolysis is important for hemoglobin function

Answer 33

2,3 bisphosphoglycerate

Question 34

intermeidate required for serine synthesis

Answer 34

3 PPG

Question 35

intermeidate required for alanine synthesis

Answer 35

pyruvate

Question 36

explain in general the cori cycle

Answer 36

2 lacate converted to glucose via gluconeogenesis requiring 6 ATP which then is shunted to RBC where they produce lactate via anerobic glycolsyis

Question 37

what is the chief controlling enzyme in glycolysis

Answer 37

phosphofructokinase-1

Question 38

what the action of PFK-1

Answer 38

fructose 6 phosphate + ATP yields fructose 1,6 bisphosphate + ADP

Question 39

what are the three enzymes used for muscle contraction

Answer 39

myosin ATPase, creatine kinase and adenylate kinase

Question 40

what serves as the sensitive indicator of decreasing ATP levels

Answer 40

AMP

Question 41

in muscle PK-1 is switched on by

Answer 41

AMP or ADP

Question 42

PFK-1 is switched off by

Answer 42

ATP and citrate

Question 43

AMP _____________overrides ATP inhibition

Answer 43

activation

Question 44

incrased levels of calcium and ADP cause what action on pyruvate dehydrogenase

Answer 44

inhibitory effect

Question 45

in the liver and adipose tissue glcyolysis is turned on to make fat when ATP and citrate are high and AMP are low via

Answer 45

fructose 2,6 bisphosphate

Question 46

the activity of PFK-2 is increased by

Answer 46

increased insulin to glucagon ration

Question 47

high levels of ATP have what type of action on PFK-1

Answer 47

inhibitory

Question 48

pyruvate kinase is inhibited by

Answer 48

ATP

Question 49

pyruvate kinase is acivated by

Answer 49

F1,6BP

Question 50

pyruvate dehydrogenase is inhibited by

Answer 50

NADH and acetll CoA

Question 51

in general in the liver insulin is high

Answer 51

glycolysis is activated

Question 52

high insulin switches on what key enzymes

Answer 52

hexokinase, phosphofurctokinase-1, and pyruvate kinase

Question 53

what is lactic acidemia

Answer 53

lacate levels of greater than 5 mM with a blood pH of less than 7.2

Question 54

the result of increased NADH/NAD+ results in

Answer 54

decreased pyruvate oxidation and increased production of Lacate

Question 55

what are typical causes of lactic acidemia

Answer 55

alcoholism, hypoxia, inhibition of ETC