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Biochemistry Fall MS1 > Major Compounds of the Body > Flashcards

Major Compounds of the Body Flashcards

1
Q

glucose is

A

monosaccharide

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2
Q

fructose is

A

monosaccharide

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3
Q

galactose is

A

monosaccaride

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4
Q

sucrose

A

oligosaccharide

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5
Q

lactose

A

oligosaccharide

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6
Q

maltose

A

oligosaccharide

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7
Q

glycogen

A

polysaccharide

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8
Q

starch

A

polysaccharide

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9
Q

cellulose

A

polysaccharide

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10
Q

glucose is a aldose or ketose ?

A

aldose

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11
Q

fructose is an aldose or ketose ?

A

ketose

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12
Q

glyceraldehyde is a

A

triose

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13
Q

erythrose is a

A

tetrose

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14
Q

ribose is a

A

pentose

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15
Q

glucose is a

A

hexose

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16
Q

sedoheptulose

A

heptose

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17
Q

__________have the same structural formula, but different spatial arrangement of atoms or groups

A

stereoisomerism

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18
Q

________differ only in configuration around one C atom

A

epimers

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19
Q

D glucose and D galactose are

A

epimers

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20
Q

D glucose and D manose and D galactose are

A

stereoisomerism

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21
Q

D and L glyceraldehyde are

A

enatntioimers

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22
Q

_________is the only aldose that occurs commonly in nature as a monosaccharide

A

D glucose

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23
Q

all sugars in the body are (D or L sugars)

A

D sugars

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24
Q

____________exist mainly as Ring structures

A

monosaccharides

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25
Q

glucose forms what type of ring

A

pyranose

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26
Q

fructose forms what type of ring

A

furanose

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27
Q

oxidation at the 6 carbon produces

A

GLUCORONIC ACID

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28
Q

oxidation at the 1 carbon produces

A

gluconic acid

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29
Q

reduction of an aldehyde group produces

A

poyol

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30
Q

reduction of glucose

A

sorbitol

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31
Q

reduction of galactose

A

dulcitol

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32
Q

maltose is produced by

A

glucose glucose alpha 1,4

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33
Q

maltose is produced by

A

amlyase digestion of starch

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34
Q

lactose is formed by

A

galactose and glucose (beta 1,4)

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35
Q

sucrose is formed by

A

glucose alpha 1,2 fructose

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36
Q

___________is formed when the OH group on the anomeric carbon reacts with OH or NH group of another compound

A

glycosides

37
Q

in maltose the glycosidic linkage is

A

alpha

38
Q

in lactose the glycosidic linkage is

A

beta

39
Q

the linkage of sucrose involves the

A

anomeric carbon od both monosaccahrides

40
Q

glycogen is a polymer of

A

glucose

41
Q

stach is a polymer of

A

amylose and amylopectin

42
Q

linkages in starch are

A

alpha 1,4

43
Q

linkages in cellulose are

A

beta 1,4 glycosidic bonds

44
Q

cellulose is a polymer of

A

glucose

45
Q

characteristics of soluble fiber

A

soluble, mostly fermented in the colon, delays gastric emptying, reduces post prandial peaks of blood glucose, reduces LDL-C levels

46
Q

characteristics of insoluble fiber

A

insoluble in water, partially fermented in the colon, asosciated with reduce type II diabetes risks, promotes laxation, and increases bowel motlity

47
Q

_____________are biological molecules that are insoluble in water but soluble in organic non-polar solvents

A

lipids

48
Q

simple lipids include

A

fats, oils and waxes

49
Q

hydolysis of a simple lipid produces

A

alcohol and fatty acids

50
Q

in ___________-esters formed between one fatty acid and an alcohol both of which have a long hydrocarbon chain

A

waxes

51
Q

in _______-esters formed from glycerol and 3 fatty acids

A

fats and oils (also known as triacylglycerides)

52
Q

___________are the most abundant lipids

A

triacylglycerides

53
Q

in humans do we have even or odd number carbon chains in fatty acids

A

even

54
Q

trans fatty acids are formed when

A

vegetable oils are hydrogenated such as in margarine production and are a risk factor in atherosclerosis

55
Q

linoleic acid is a

A

double unstaurated fatty acid

56
Q

linolenic acid is a

A

triunsaturated fatty acid

57
Q

short chain fatty acid sare

A

2-4 carbons long

58
Q

medium chain fatty acids are

A

4-12 carbons

59
Q

long chain fatty acid are

A

12-20 carbons long

60
Q

_______can be absorbed directly and can diffuse into the mitochondria for oxidation

A

short and medium chain

61
Q

_________-are absorbed as micelles and are transported by caritine with fat soluble vitamins

A

long chain fatty acids

62
Q

fats are

A

solid at room temperature and generally from animals

63
Q

oils are

A

liquid at room temperature and generally from plants

64
Q

______have a greater proportion of unsaturated fatty acids, which hav elower melting points than saturaed fatty acids

A

oils

65
Q

what type of bond puts a kink in the chain

A

cis bonds

66
Q

linoleic acid is a

A

omega 6 fatty acid

67
Q

linolenic acid is a

A

omega 3 fatty acid

68
Q

EPA and DHA are

A

omega 3 fatty acids

69
Q

a high _______ is important for cardiovascular health

A

high omega 3 to omega 6 ratio

70
Q

phophoglycerides

A

alcohol is glycerol

71
Q

phosphophingoside

A

alcohol is sphinosine

72
Q

glycolipids

A

contain one or more sugar residues

73
Q

examples of glycolipids include

A

ceramides and gangliosides

74
Q

hydrolysis of a phospholipid results in

A

alcohol, fatty acid, phosphate and a head group (usually a N compound)

75
Q

hydrolysis of a glycolipid results in a

A

sphingosine, fatty acid and sguar

76
Q

removing a fatt acyd from lecithin produces

A

lysolecithin (snake venom)

77
Q

sphingosine plus a fatty acid is called a

A

CERAMIDE

78
Q

_________–are similar to a sphingolipids but with a carbohydrate group attached to the ceramide

A

glycolipids

79
Q

___________modulate many processes such as inflammatory response, hormone production and ion transport

A

prostaglandins

80
Q

_________inhibits platelet aggregation and promotes vasodiolation

A

prostacyclins

81
Q

_____________-promotes platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction

A

thromboxanes

82
Q

___________–are involved in chemotaxis and inflammation and allergic reactions

A

leukotrienes

83
Q

_______________-are involved in antiinflammatory and oppose the action of leukotrienes

A

lipoxins

84
Q

___________are steroids with one or more OH groups

A

sterols

85
Q

what is the most abudant steroid in mammalian tissue

A

cholesterol

86
Q

cholesteroal is the precursos for synthesis of

A

steroid hormones, bile acids, and vitamin D

87
Q

wht are the fat soluble vitamins

A

ADEK

88
Q

_________-can be synthesized from cholesterol with adequate sunlight

A

vitamin D

Biochemistry Fall MS1 (12 decks)

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