Enzymes Flashcards
deficiency in A resultins in
night blindness
deficiency in D results in
rickets and osteomalacia
deficiency in E resupts in
lipid peroxidation
deficiency in K results in
bleeding
deficiency in C results in
scurvy (collagen formation problems)
beri beri is
deficiency in thamine (oxidative decarboxylation prlbmes)
chhymotrupsin
cleaves peptide bonds next to bulky nonpolar side chains
trypsin cleaves
peptide bonds next to basic side chains
elastase cleaves
peptide bonds next to non-polar side chains
copper is a cofactor for
cytochrome oxidase
potassium is a cofactor for
pyruvate kinase
magnesium is a cofactor for
creatine kinase and hexokinase
manganese is cofator for
arginase
selium is a cofactor for
glutathioine peroxidase
zin is a cofactor for
carbonic anhydrase and carboxy peptidase
covalent inhibitors
modify specific amino acid side chains at the active site in a progressive chemical reaction
mechanism based inhibitors
substrate or transition state analogs that are initially processed by normal catalytic mechanism converted to an intermediate resembling the transition state, that binds covalently to the enzyme (known as a suicide inhibitor)
sarin, malathoin and aspirin are
covalent inhibitors
allopuriol and penicllin are
suicide inhibitors
___________inhibit acetylcholinesterase by covalently modifying a serine chain at the active site of acetylcholinesterase
organophosphorous compounds (sarin and malathion)
_______modifies cycloooxygenase
aspirin
_________-bind non specifically and irreversible to many groups of enzymes
heavy metals
lead poisoning inhibits
ALA dehydratase and ferrochelatase
lead poisioning is an example of a
irreversible inhibitor
_________is a mechanism based inhibitor that inhibits xanthine oxidase which reduces uric acid production
allopurinol
__________inhibits a transpeptidase that is essential for synthesis of a bacterial cell wall; contains a strained peptide bond that resembles the transition state
penicillin
effect of a competitive inhibitor
vmax is unchanged and Km is increased
effect of a noncompetitive inhibitor
vmax is decreased and km is unchanged
______is essential for nucleotide synthesis
PABA
_________mimic PABA
sulfonamides
__________inhibit dihydropteroate synthease in bacteira
sulfonamides
sulfoaniides are
reversible and competitive inhibitors
________-is essential for nucleotide synthesis
folic acid
inhibitors of ______are used in cancer chemotherapy
folate antagonist
____________mimics folic acid
methotrexate
mechanism of methotrexate
competitively inhibits dihydrofolate reductase
warfarin mechanism
inhibits vitamin K epoxide reductase
____________are competitive inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase-rate limiting step of cholesterol synthesis
statins
________is a competitive inhibitor of NO and cGMP
viagra
_________inhibit angiotensin I converting enzyme which are used to lower blood pressure, compeitive inhibitor
captopril and enalopril
________________and ________-are competitive inhibitors that compete with arachidonic acid for binding to cyclooxygenase
ibuprofuen and acetaminophen
the ________state is associated to be high affinity for substrate
R state
the ______state is associated to be a low afffinity for substrate
T state
______-is the protein most frequently in diagnosis of myocardial infraction
tropnin I
what is the first enzyme elevated in a myocardial infarction
myoglobin
what is the last enzyme to be elevated in a myocardial infraction
LDH
CKMB
height increases slightly after total CK
alanine aminotransferase used for diagnosis in
viral hepatitis
aspartate aminotransferase used in
aloholic hepatitis
alkaline phosphatase used for
bone disease
amylase used for
acute pancreatitis and mumps
creatine kinase used for
myocardial infraction and duchenne muscular dystrophy
gamma glytayl transferase used for l
liver dieases and is increased in alcoholics
lactate dehydrogenase (LDH used for
myocradial infarctoin)
lipase is elelvated in
acute pancreatitis and is more specific than amylase
