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Biochemistry Fall MS1 > Enzymes > Flashcards

Enzymes Flashcards

1
Q

deficiency in A resultins in

A

night blindness

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2
Q

deficiency in D results in

A

rickets and osteomalacia

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3
Q

deficiency in E resupts in

A

lipid peroxidation

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4
Q

deficiency in K results in

A

bleeding

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5
Q

deficiency in C results in

A

scurvy (collagen formation problems)

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6
Q

beri beri is

A

deficiency in thamine (oxidative decarboxylation prlbmes)

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7
Q

chhymotrupsin

A

cleaves peptide bonds next to bulky nonpolar side chains

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8
Q

trypsin cleaves

A

peptide bonds next to basic side chains

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9
Q

elastase cleaves

A

peptide bonds next to non-polar side chains

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10
Q

copper is a cofactor for

A

cytochrome oxidase

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11
Q

potassium is a cofactor for

A

pyruvate kinase

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12
Q

magnesium is a cofactor for

A

creatine kinase and hexokinase

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13
Q

manganese is cofator for

A

arginase

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14
Q

selium is a cofactor for

A

glutathioine peroxidase

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15
Q

zin is a cofactor for

A

carbonic anhydrase and carboxy peptidase

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16
Q

covalent inhibitors

A

modify specific amino acid side chains at the active site in a progressive chemical reaction

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17
Q

mechanism based inhibitors

A

substrate or transition state analogs that are initially processed by normal catalytic mechanism converted to an intermediate resembling the transition state, that binds covalently to the enzyme (known as a suicide inhibitor)

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18
Q

sarin, malathoin and aspirin are

A

covalent inhibitors

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19
Q

allopuriol and penicllin are

A

suicide inhibitors

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20
Q

___________inhibit acetylcholinesterase by covalently modifying a serine chain at the active site of acetylcholinesterase

A

organophosphorous compounds (sarin and malathion)

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21
Q

_______modifies cycloooxygenase

A

aspirin

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22
Q

_________-bind non specifically and irreversible to many groups of enzymes

A

heavy metals

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23
Q

lead poisoning inhibits

A

ALA dehydratase and ferrochelatase

24
Q

lead poisioning is an example of a

A

irreversible inhibitor

25
Q

_________is a mechanism based inhibitor that inhibits xanthine oxidase which reduces uric acid production

A

allopurinol

26
Q

__________inhibits a transpeptidase that is essential for synthesis of a bacterial cell wall; contains a strained peptide bond that resembles the transition state

A

penicillin

27
Q

effect of a competitive inhibitor

A

vmax is unchanged and Km is increased

28
Q

effect of a noncompetitive inhibitor

A

vmax is decreased and km is unchanged

29
Q

______is essential for nucleotide synthesis

A

PABA

30
Q

_________mimic PABA

A

sulfonamides

31
Q

__________inhibit dihydropteroate synthease in bacteira

A

sulfonamides

32
Q

sulfoaniides are

A

reversible and competitive inhibitors

33
Q

________-is essential for nucleotide synthesis

A

folic acid

34
Q

inhibitors of ______are used in cancer chemotherapy

A

folate antagonist

35
Q

____________mimics folic acid

A

methotrexate

36
Q

mechanism of methotrexate

A

competitively inhibits dihydrofolate reductase

37
Q

warfarin mechanism

A

inhibits vitamin K epoxide reductase

38
Q

____________are competitive inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase-rate limiting step of cholesterol synthesis

A

statins

39
Q

________is a competitive inhibitor of NO and cGMP

A

viagra

40
Q

_________inhibit angiotensin I converting enzyme which are used to lower blood pressure, compeitive inhibitor

A

captopril and enalopril

41
Q

________________and ________-are competitive inhibitors that compete with arachidonic acid for binding to cyclooxygenase

A

ibuprofuen and acetaminophen

42
Q

the ________state is associated to be high affinity for substrate

A

R state

43
Q

the ______state is associated to be a low afffinity for substrate

A

T state

44
Q

______-is the protein most frequently in diagnosis of myocardial infraction

A

tropnin I

45
Q

what is the first enzyme elevated in a myocardial infarction

A

myoglobin

46
Q

what is the last enzyme to be elevated in a myocardial infraction

A

LDH

47
Q

CKMB

A

height increases slightly after total CK

48
Q

alanine aminotransferase used for diagnosis in

A

viral hepatitis

49
Q

aspartate aminotransferase used in

A

aloholic hepatitis

50
Q

alkaline phosphatase used for

A

bone disease

51
Q

amylase used for

A

acute pancreatitis and mumps

52
Q

creatine kinase used for

A

myocardial infraction and duchenne muscular dystrophy

53
Q

gamma glytayl transferase used for l

A

liver dieases and is increased in alcoholics

54
Q

lactate dehydrogenase (LDH used for

A

myocradial infarctoin)

55
Q

lipase is elelvated in

A

acute pancreatitis and is more specific than amylase

Biochemistry Fall MS1 (12 decks)

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