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Gross Anatomy 2 > Triangles of the Neck > Flashcards

Triangles of the Neck Flashcards

1
Q

what divides the two triangles?

A

sternocleidomastoid muscle

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2
Q

boundaries of anterior triangle

A

anterior: midline of neck
posterior: anterior border of SCM
base: mandible

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3
Q

what are the 4 parts of the anterior triangle?

A

submental
submandibular
carotid
muscular

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4
Q

what is in the submental part of the anterior triangle?

A

submental lymph nodes

beginning of the anterior jugular vein

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5
Q

what is in the submandibular part of the anterior triangle?

A 
submandibular salivary gland
lymph nodes
facial artery and vein
carotid sheath
hypoglossal nerve
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6
Q

what is in the carotid part of the anterior triangle?

A

carotid sheath
branches of ECA
internal jugular vein
hypoglossal, accessory and vagus nerves

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7
Q

what is in the muscular part of the anterior triangle?

A

sternohyoid and sternothyroid (from floor beneath)

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8
Q

what branches of the ECA are present in the anterior triangle?

A

superior thyroid
lingual
facial

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9
Q

where is the platysma found?

A

fascia above pectoralis major and clavicle –> lateral neck onto mandible

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10
Q

what innervates platysma?

A

facial nerve (CN VII)

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11
Q

what are the root values of the cervical plexus and what type of innervation does it provide?

A

anterior rami C1-4

somatic motor and sensory (and sympathetic)

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12
Q

where do the suprahyoid muscles run?

A

between the hyoid and the skull/mandible

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13
Q

which suprahyoid muscles are pharyngeal muscles?

A

digastric
stylohyoid
mylohyoid

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14
Q

what are the functions of the suprahyoid muscles?

A 
raise hyoid bone
depress mandible (mylohyoid and digastric)
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15
Q

what are the names of the four suprahyoid muscles and what innervates each one?

A

digastric - facial nerve (CN VII, post. belly), mandibular division of trigeminal (CN V3, anterior belly)
stylohyoid - facial nerve (CN VII)
mylohyoid - mandibular division of trigeminal (CN V3)
geniohyoid - C1 (via hypoglossal, CN XII)

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16
Q

where are the infrahyoid muscles found?

A

between the hyoid bone and sternum or thyroid cartilage

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17
Q

what are the names of the infrahyoid muscles?

A

omohyoid
sternohyoid
thyrohyoid
sternothyroid

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18
Q

what innervates the infrahyoid muscles?

A 
ansa cervicalis
(except thyrohyoid which is innervated by C1 via hypoglosssal CN XII)
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19
Q

what is the function of the infrahyoid muscles?

A

depress the hyoid bone/thyroid cartilage

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20
Q

where do the left and right common carotid arteries arise from?

A

left: arch of aorta
right: branch of brachiocephalic trunk

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21
Q

what are the terminal branches of the common carotid artery?

A

internal and external carotid arteries

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22
Q

what do the internal and external carotid artery supply?

A

internal: brain
external: head, face and scalp

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23
Q

what is found in the carotid sheath?

A

external and internal cartoid arteries
internal jugular vein
vagus nerve

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24
Q

what branches of the subclavian arteries are found in the triangles of the neck?

A 
internal thoracic
suprascapular
transverse cervical
vertebral artery
inferior thyroid
25
Q

in which triangle does the external jugular vein run?

A

posterior triangle

26
Q

in which triangle does the internal jugular vein run?

A

anterior triangle

27
Q

what is the root value of the vagus nerve?

A

CN X

28
Q

what is the route of the vagus nerve?

A

descends down the neck in the carotid sheath
passes through the thoracic inlet into the superior mediastinum to supply parasympathetic innervation to the thorax and abdomen

29
Q

what are the main branches of the vagus nerve?

A 
recurrent laryngela (to muscles of larynx, left around arch of aorta, right around subclavian)
internal and external laryngeal branches
30
Q

what connects the two lobes of the thyroid gland?

A

isthmus and capsule

31
Q

where is the thyroid gland found?

A

lamina of thyroid cartilage –> 6th tracheal ring

ishmus is over tracheal ring 2/3

32
Q

where are the parathyroid glands found?

A

embedded on posterior surface of thyroid

33
Q

what arteries supply the thyroid?

A 
superior thyroid (first anterior branch of the external carotid)
inferior thyroid (branch of thyrocerivcal trunk of subclavian)
34
Q

what provides venous drainage from the thyroid?

A

superior, middle and inferior thyroid vein
left and right inferior thyroid veins drain into the left brachiocephalic vein (superior and middle into internal jugular)

35
Q

where does the duct of submandibular salivary gland open into?

A

between the first and second lower incisor (either side of the frenelum)

36
Q

what innervates the submandibular salivary gland?

A

facial nerve (CN VII)

37
Q

what are the borders of the posterior triangle?

A

anterior: posterior border SCM
posterior: anterior border trapezius
base: clavicle

38
Q

contents of the posterior triangle

A

external jugular vein
roots of brachial plexus
accessory nerve
cervical and supra-clavicular lymph nodes etc.

39
Q

what cutaneous nerves are found in the neck (and what are their root values)?

A 
lesser occipital (C2)
greater auricular (C2+3, runs with EJV)
transverse cervical (C2+3)
lateral supraclavicular (C3+4)
intermediate supraclavicular (C3+4)
medial supraclavicular (C3+4)
40
Q

what does the phrenic nerve cross obliquely over the anterior surface of?

A

anterior scalene

41
Q

what are the names of the two heads of the sternocleidomastoid and where are they found?

A

sternal head: manubrium of sternum –> mastoid process and superior nuchal line
clavicular head: medial clavicle –> mastoid process and superior nuchal line

42
Q

what innervates the SCM?

A

motor: spinal accessory (CN XI)

pain + proprioception: cervical plexus (C2+3)

43
Q

where is trapezius found?

A

external occipital protuberance, spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T12 –> nuchal ligament, posterior border of lateral 1/3rd clavicle, acromion process and spine of scapula

44
Q

what innervates trapezius?

A

motor: spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)

pain + proprioception: cervical plexus (C3+4)

45
Q

what is the function of SCM?

A

lateral flexion w/rotation
extension at atlanto-occipital joints
flexion of cervical vertebrae

46
Q

function of trapezius

A 
depress scapula (ascending part)
retract scapula (transverse part)
elevate scapula, rotate glenoid cavity (descending part)
47
Q

where is the splenius capitis found?

A

nuchal ligament + spinous processes of C7-T3 –> mastoid process of temporal and occipital bone

48
Q

innervation of splenius captiis

A

dorsal rami of middle cervical nerves

49
Q

function of splenius capitis

A

extend and rotate the neck

50
Q

where is levator scapulae found?

A

transverse process of atlas and axis and C3+4 –> medial scapular border between superior angle and medial end of scapular spine

51
Q

function of levator scapulae

A

control scapular position
elevate shoulder
if shoulder fixed can laterally flex the neck to the same side

52
Q

what innervates levator scapulae?

A

direct c3-5 via dorsal scapular nerve

53
Q

where is the anterior scalene found?

A

transverse processes C3-6 –> rib 1 (scalene tubercle)

54
Q

what innervates anterior scalene?

A

anterior rami C3-7

55
Q

where is the middle scalene found?

A

transverse processes C2-7 –> rib 1 (behind subclavian artery groove)

56
Q

what innervates middle scalene?

A

anterior rami C4-7

57
Q

where is the posterior scalene found?

A

transverse processes C4-6 –> rib 2

58
Q

what innervates middle scalene?

A

anteiror rami C5-7

59
Q

what are the functions of the scalene muscles?

A

flex neck (bilateral)
tilt head to same side (unilateral)
elevate upper rubs

Gross Anatomy 2 (16 decks)

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