Thigh, Knee and Popliteal Fossa Flashcards
what is the advantage of having a thick fascia in the thigh
aids pumping of blood in the veins of the lower limb (which have to work against gravity)
what is the name of the deep fascia in the leg?
crural fascia
what is the name of the deep fascia in the thigh?
fasciae latae
what thinkens laterally to form the iliotibial tract?
fasciae latae
what is the role of the iliotibial tract?
provides muscle attachment and helps support the femur on the tibia when standing
where does the iliotibial tract run from and to?
from iliac tubercle to anterolateral tibial tubercle
what muscles are found in the anterior thigh?
iliacus psoas major pectineus sartorius rectus femoris vastus lateralis, medialis and intermedius
what are the four hip flexor muscles?
iliacus
psoas major
pectineus
sartorius
where is iliacus?
iliac crest, fossa, ala of sacrum and anterior sacroiliac ligament –> psoas tendon and lesser trochanter
what is the function of iliacus?
flex hip
what innervates iliacus?
femoral nerve (L2+3)
where is psoas major?
T12-L5 IV discs and lumbar transverse processes –> lesser trochanter
what is the function of psoas major?
flex hip
what innervates psoas major?
anterior rami L1-3
where is pectineus?
superior ramus of pubis –> pectineal line of femur
what is the function of pectineus?
adduct and flex hip, assist with medial rotation
what innervates pectineus?
femoral nerve (L2+3) (occasionally branch from obturator)
where is sartorius?
anterior superior iliac spine –> superior part of medial surface of tibia
what is the function of sartorius?
flex, abduct, laterally rotate hip and flex the knee
what innervates sartorius?
femoral nerve (L2+3)
what four muscles form the quadriceps?
rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
vasus intermedius
where is rectus femoris?
anterior inferior iliac spine and ilium above acetabulum –> quadriceps tendon then tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
what are the functions of rectus femoris?
extend knee
flex hip
where is vastus lateralis?
greater trochanter and lateral side of the linea aspera –> quadriceps tendon then tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
what is the function of vastus lateralis?
extend knee
where is vastus medialis?
intertrochanteric line and medial side of linea aspera –> quadriceps tendon then tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
what is the function of vastus medialis?
extend knee, gives medial pull to stop lateral dislocation of the patella
where is vastus intermedius?
anterior and lateral shaft of femur –> quadriceps tendon then tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
what is the function of vastus intermediate?
extend knee
what innervates the four quadriceps muscle?
femoral nerve (L2-4)
what 5 muscles are found in the medial compartment of the thigh?
gracialis
adductor longus and brevis
adductor magnus
obturator externus
which muscle of the medial compartment is not a hip adductor?
obturator externus
where is gracialis?
body of inferior rami of pubis –> superior medial surface of tibia
what is the function of gracilis?
adducts hip and flexes knee
what innervates gracialis?
obturator (L2+3)
where is adductor longus?
body of pubis –> middle 1/3rd linea aspera
what is the function of adductor longus?
adduct thigh
what innervates adductor longus?
obturator (L2-4)
where is adductor brevis?
body and inferior ramus of pubis –> pectineal line and proximal linea aspera
what is the function of adductor brevis?
adduct thigh
may assist flexion
what innervates adductor brevis?
obturator (L2-4)
where is adductor magnus?
ischiopubic ramus and ischial tuberosity –> linea aspera, medial side of supracondylar line and adductor tubercle
what is the function of adductor magnus?
adducts thigh
adductor part flexes and hamstring part extends thigh
what innervates adductor magnus?
obturator nerve (L2-4)
where is the adductor canal found?
from the apex of femoral triangle to the adductor hiatus
underlies the distal half of sartorius
what are the boundaries of the adductor canal?
sartorius
vastus medialis
adductor longus
what passes through the adductor canal?
femoral vessels
what muscles are found in the posterior thigh?
semitendinosus
semimembranosus
biceps femoris
what three muscles form the hamstrings?
semiteninosus
semimebranosus
biceps femoris
what is the movement of the muscles of the posterior thigh?
extend the hip, flex the knee and slow down the anterior movement of the lower limb during walking
where is semitendiosus?
ischial tuberosity –> medial surface of superior tibia
what innervates semitendinosus?
tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5-S2)
where is semimembranosus?
ischial tuberoisty –> posterior surface of medial condyle of tibia
what innervates semimembranosus?
tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5-S2)
where is biceps femoris?
ischial tuberoisty (long head) and linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of the femur (short head) –> head of fibula
what innervates the long head of biceps femoris?
tibial division of sciatic (L5-S2)
what innervates the short head of biceps femoris?
common peroneal division of sciatic nerve (L5-S2)
what causes lateral rotation of the knee?
biceps femoris
what causes medial rotation of the knee?
semimembranosus, semitendinosus, gracilis and sartorius
what forms the roof of the popliteal fossa?
deep fascia, pierced by the sural nerve and short saphenous vein
what forms the floor of the popliteal fossa?
popliteal surface of femur, capsule of knee joint, popliteus muscle, oblique popliteal ligament and middle genicular vessels
what is the oblique popliteal ligament formed from and what is it’s role?
expansion of semimembranosus, reinforced the knee joint capsule
what pierces the joint capsule to supply the cruciate ligament?
middle genicular vessels
what forms the superior boundary of popliteal fossa?
diverging tendons of hamstrings - biceps femoris laterally and semimembranosus and semitendinosus medially
what forms the inferior boundary of popliteal fossa?
medial and lateral heads of gastrocnemius
what are the contents of the popliteal fossa?
popliteal artery and vein
terminal branches of sciatic nerve (tibial and common peroneal nerves)
