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Gross Anatomy 2 > Parotid Gland, Temporal Region, Infratemporal Fossa and TMJ > Flashcards

Parotid Gland, Temporal Region, Infratemporal Fossa and TMJ Flashcards

1
Q

what type of secretion does the parotid gland produce?

A

thin, watery saliva produced

serous acini only

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2
Q

what does the CT capsule of the parotid gland extend as?

A

stylomandibular ligament

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3
Q

what structures pass through the parotid gland? (lateral –> medial)

A 
facial nerve
retromandibular vein
ECA
superficial temporal artery
great auricular nerve branches
maxillary artery
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4
Q

what innervates the parotid gland?

A

parasympathetic secretomotor: glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
sympathetic: plexus around ECA
general sensory: great auricular

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5
Q

what does the lesser petrosal nerve carry?

A

parasympathetic from CN IX

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6
Q

what does the glossopharyngeal nerve exit through the jugular foramen with?

A

vagus nerve

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7
Q

what is the route of the partoid duct?

A

lateral side of masseter below the zygomatic arch
medial turn to pierce the buccal fat pad and buccinator
enters the oral cavity at the upper second molar

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8
Q

what are the extracranial branches of the facial nerve (CN VII)?

A 
posterior auricular
branch to posteiror belly of digastric (and stylohyoid
major branches:
- temporal
- zygomatic
- buccal
- marginal mandibular
- cervical
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9
Q

what artery do the superficial temporal and maxillary arteries arise from?

A

ECA

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10
Q

what is the retromandibular vein formed from?

A

union of superficial temporal and maxillary veins

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11
Q

what are the muscles of mastication and what innervates them?

A 
temporalis
masseter
medial pterygoid
lateral pterygoid
all innervated by mandibular division of trigeminal (CN V3)
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12
Q

what causes elevation of the mandible?

A

temporalis, masseter and medial peterygoid

head of mandible and disc move backwards and head rotates in lower surface of the disc

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13
Q

what causes depression of the mandible?

A

lateral pterygoid, digastric, geniohyoid, mylohyoid and gravity
head of mandible rotates on under-surface of articular disc and mandible is pulled forwards

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14
Q

what causes protrusion of the mandible?

A 
lateral pterygoid (assist from medial pterygoid)
articular disc and head of mandible move forward, movement in upper part of cavity
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15
Q

what causes retrusion of the mandible?

A

posterior fibres of temporalis

articular disc and head of mandible pulled backwards into mandibular fossa

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16
Q

what causes lateral chewing?

A

pterygoids

protrusion and retrusion combined

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17
Q

where is temporalis found?

A

temporal fossa + fascia –> coronoid process and anterior border of ramus of mandible

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18
Q

what is the function of temporalis?

A 
elevate mandible (anterior and superior fibres)
retract mandible (posterior fibres)
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19
Q

what innervates temporalis?

A

deep temporal nerves (x2) from anteiror division of mandibular division of trigeminal nerve (CN V3)

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20
Q

where is masseter found?

A

zygomatic arch –> lateral aspect of ramus of mandible

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21
Q

what is the function of masseter?

A

elevate mandible

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22
Q

what innervates masseter?

A

masseteric nerve from anterior division of CN V3

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23
Q

where is lateral pterygoid found?

A

infratemporal surface of greater wing of sphenoid (upper head) and lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate (lower head) –> neck of mandible and articular disc

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24
Q

what innervates lateral pterygoid?

A

nerve to lateral pterygoid (anterior division of CN V3)

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25
Q

what is function of lateral pterygoid?

A

pulls neck of mandible forwards with articular disc (protrusion = both)
helps in lateral chewing movements with medial pterygoid (one side)

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26
Q

where is medial pterygoid found?

A

tubercle of maxilla (superficial head) and medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate (deep head) –> medial surface of the angle of the mandible

27
Q

what innervates medial pterygoid?

A

nerve to medial pterygoid (main trunk of CN V3)

28
Q

what does the trigeminal nerve pass through to exit the brain?

A

foramen ovale

29
Q

what cranial nerve is trigeminal?

A

CN V

30
Q

what are the terminal branches of the external carotid artery?

A

maxillary

superficial temporal

31
Q

what are the branches of the external carotid artery? (from inferior to superior)

A 
Superior thyroid
Ascending pharyngeal
Lingual
Facial
Occipital
Posterior auricular
Maxillary
Superficial temporal

–> Some Anatomists Like Freaking Out Poor Medical Students

32
Q

what does the occipital artery supply and what is it’s route?

A

back of scalp

passes under posterior belly of digastric to enter the posterior triangle of neck

33
Q

what does the posterior auricular artery supply?

A

the scalp

34
Q

what does the ascending pharyngeal artery supply and what is its route?

A

pharynx

ascends between the internal carotid and pharynx

35
Q

what are the anterior branches of the external carotid artery?

A

superior thyroid
ascending pharyngeal
lingual
facial

36
Q

what are the posterior branches of the external carotid artery?

A

occipital
posterior auricular
ascendng pharyngeal

37
Q

what does the superior thyroid artery give branches to and where does it run?

A

gives branches to SCM and superior laryngeal artery

runs with the external laryngeal artery

38
Q

what does the lingual artery supply and what is it’s route?

A

oral cavity

crosses deep to hypoglossus and crossed by hypoglossal nerve

39
Q

what does the facial artery supply and where does it run?

A

superior and inferior labial branches and angular artery to face
passes deep to posterior of digastric

40
Q

what does the superficial temporal artery supply and where does it run?

A

supplies skin over the frontal and temporal regions

ascends in front of the auricle and divides into anterior and posterior branches

41
Q

what are the branches of the maxillary artery?

A 
mandibular portion:
deep auricular
anterior tympanic
middle meningeal
inferior alveolar
accessory meningeal
pterygoid portion:
masseteric
pterygoid
anterior and posteiror deep temporal
buccal
pterygomaxillary portion:
sphenopalatine
descending palatine
infraorbital
posterior superior alveolar
artery of pterygoid canal
pharyngeal
42
Q

what is the infratemporal fossa?

A

space between the base of the skull and the ramus of the mandible

43
Q

what are the boundaries of the infratemporal fossa?

A

anterior: posterior surface of teh maxilla
posterior: styloid process
superior: infratemoral surface of the greater wing of sphenoid
medial: lateral pterygoid plate
lateral: ramus of mandible

44
Q

what are the contents of the infratemporal fossa?

A 
lateral and medial pterygoid
mandibular division of trigeminal and branches
maxillary artery and branches
pterygoid venous plexus
chorda tympani
otic ganglion
45
Q

what is the function of medial pterygoid?

A

assists in elevating the mandible

46
Q

what are the branches of the anterior division of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve?

A

masseteric
nerve to lateral pterygoid
x2 deep temporal
buccal (sensory)

47
Q

what are the branches of the posterior division of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve?

A

auriculotemporal
lingual
inferior alveolar (branches to mylohyoid)

48
Q

what are the pre-division branches of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve?

A

meningeal
nerve to medial pterygoid
communicating branch (tensor tympani and tensor veli palatine)

49
Q

what are the three parts of the maxillary artery?

A

mandibular
pterygoid
pterygopalatine

50
Q

where is the pterygoid venous plexus found?

A

surrounds lateral pterygoid

51
Q

what is the pterygoid venous plexus supplied and drained by and what else does it communicate with?

A

veins from orbit, nasal and oral cavity
drained by maxillary vein
communicates with cavernous sinus and facial vein (areas supplied by maxillary artery)

52
Q

what is the chorda tympani a branch of?

A

facial nerve (CN VII)

53
Q

what does the chorda tympani give rise to and what does it supply?

A

lingual nerve

to supply taste to anterior 2/3rd tongue

54
Q

what is the route of the chorda tympani?

A

passes through the internal acoustic meatus with the facial nerve (CNVII)
travels through the middle ear to pass through the petrotympanic fissure and the infratemporal fossa to join with the lingaul nerve

55
Q

what does the otic ganglion supply?

A

secretomotor to the parotid gland

56
Q

what type of joint is the temporomandibular joint and what articulates there?

A

synovial joint with fibrous capsule and articular surfaces covered in fibrocartilage

between head of mandible and mandibular fossa and articular tubercle on squamous part of temporal bone

57
Q

what innervates the TMJ?

A

auriculotemporal nerve

masseteric nerve

58
Q

what divides the cavity of the TMJ, what’s its role and what attaches there?

A

fibrous articular disc
increases the congruity of articular surfaces
lateral pterygoid attaches to it and the capsule

59
Q

what movements occur between the head of the mandible and the disc?

A

elevation and depression (hinge)

60
Q

what movements occur at the disc, mandibular fossa and articular processes?

A

protrusion and retraction (gliding)

61
Q

what movements at the TMJ are required to close the mouth?

A

elevation and retraction to pull the condyle backwards

62
Q

what movements at the TMJ are required to open the mouth?

A

depression and protrusion to slide the disc and condyle forwards towards the tubercle

63
Q

what does asynchronous gliding allow?

A

chewing

64
Q

what is the route of the maxillary artery?

A

arises behind the neck of mandible, passes between two heads of lateral pterygoid to pass through the pterygomaxillary fissure (fossa)

Gross Anatomy 2 (16 decks)

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