Tongue and Palate Flashcards
what muscles are found in the walls of the oral cavity?
buccinator and supra-hyoid muscles (mylohoid, digastric, stylohyoid and geniohyoid)
what is the role of mylohyoid?
elevate hyoid and oral floor or depress mandible
what innervates mylohyoid?
mandibular dicision of trigeminal (CN V3)
what is the action of digastric?
elevate hyoid or depress mandible
what nerves innervate the anterior and posterior belly of digastric?
posterior: facial (CN VII)
anterior: mandibular division of trigeminal (CN V3)
what is the role of stylohyoid?
elevate hyoid bone
what is the innervation of stylohyoid?
facial (CN VII)
what is the role of geniohyoid?
elevate hyoid
what innervates geniohyoid?
C1 hypoglossal (CN XII)
what nerves innervate the three major salivary glands?
submandibular: CN VII
sub-lingual into floor of mouth: CN VII
parotid: CN IX
what innervates the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue?
taste: facial (CN VII)
general sensory: lingual branch of trigeminal (CN V3)
what innervates the posterior 1/3rd tongue?
taste and general sensory: glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
what is the role and innervation of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue and where are their fibres found?
change shape of the tongue
fibres in different directions but all within tongue
hypoglossal (CN XII)
what is the role of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue and where are their fibres found?
change the position of the tongue in the mouth
fibres originate outside the tongue and insert into the tongue
what are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
genioglossus
palatoglossus
styloglossus
hypoglossus
what is the role of genioglossus?
depress tongue and protrude lip
what innervates genioglossus?
hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
what is the role of palatoglossus?
elevate tongue (move soft palate)
what innervates palatoglossus?
vagus nerve (CN X) in the pharyngeal plexus
what is the role of styloglossus?
elevate and retract tongue
what innervates styloglossus?
hypoglossal (CN XII)
what is the role of hyoglossus?
depress tongue
what innervates hyoglossus?
hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
what artery supplies the tongue and where does it arise from?
lingual artery (giving dorsal lingual, sublingual and deep lingual branches) 2nd anterior branch of the external carotid
what provides venous drainage of the tongue?
deep lingual, sublingual and dorsal lingual veins –> lingual vein –> internal jugular vein
(corresponds to arterial supply)
what gives nervous supply to the tongue?
motor: CN X (palatoglossus), CN XII (all other muscles of tongue)
sensory: internal laryngeal (CN X), glossopharyngeal (CN IX), chorda tympani (CN VII) and lingual nerve (CN V3)
what provides lymphatic drainage of the tongue?
tip: submental
lateral edges: inferior deep cervical nodes
middle part and posterior: superior deep cervical
what bones form the hard palate?
maxilla and palatine bones
what innervates the hard palate?
nasopaltine nerve, greater and lesser palatine nerves
sensory: CN IX
what muscles are present in the soft palate and what inervates them?
levator veli palatini palatopharyngeus palatoglossus musculus uvulae CN X in pharyngeal plexus
what is the pterygopalatine ganglion, where is it found and where do its axons innervate?
parasympathetic ganglion in the pterygopalatine fossa
lacrimal glands and nasal mucosa (through greater and lesser palatine nerves)
what innervates the pterygopalatine ganglion?
greater petrosal nerve (branch of CN VII)
what gives nervous innervation to the teeth?
posterior middle and anterior superior alveolar nerves (CN V2)
infra-orbital nerve (CN V2)
mental branch (CN V3)
incisive branch of inferior alveolar nerve (CN V3)
dental branches of inferior alveolar nerve (CN V3)
buccal branch (CN V3)
all CNV3 from inferior alveolar nerve from lingual nerve (CNV3)
what arteries supply the teeth?
anterior and posterior superior alveolar
inferior alveolar
