Nasal Region

Question 1

what small muscles are present in the nasal region and what are they innervated by?

Answer 1

levator labii superioris alaequae nasi
nasalis
procerus
facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 2

what composes the external nose structure?

Answer 2

bone and cartilage

Question 3

what supplies blood to the external nose and what artery do they arise from?

Answer 3

anterior and posterior ethmoidal (opthalmic)
sphenopalatine and greater palatine (maxillary)
septal branch - superior labial and lateral nasal (facial)

Question 4

what bones form the nose?

Answer 4

nasal
vomer
perpendicular plate of ethmoid

Question 5

what innervates the external nasal region?

Answer 5

CN V1
infratrochlear and external nasal branch of anterior ethmoidal
nasal branch of infraorbital (alae)

Question 6

what forms the nasal septum?

Answer 6

perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
crista gali
nasal bone
nasal spine of frontal bone
septal cartilage
vomeronasal cartilage
nasal crest of maxilla
nasal crest of palatine bone
vomer
crest of sphenoid bone

Question 7

what are the names of the nasal conchae (aka turbinates) and how many are there?

Answer 7

three - superior, medial, inferior

Question 8

what are the spaces between/underneath the conchae called?

Answer 8

meatus

Question 9

what is the role of the conchae?

Answer 9

warm and filter the air

cause turbulence

Question 10

what are the paranasal sinuses?

Answer 10

ethmoidal, maxillary, frontal and sphenoid

Question 11

what is the role of the paranasal sinuses?

Answer 11

allow resonance of sound and lighten the skull

Question 12

what do the post-ethmoidal air cells bulge into?

Answer 12

the ethmoidal bulla

Question 13

what is each sinus innervated by?

Answer 13

frontal: supra-orbital (CN V1)
spehoidal: post ethmoidal (CN V1)
ethmoidal: nasociliary (CN V1)
maxillary: superior alveolar (CN V2)

Question 14

what arteries supply the lateral wall of the nose?

Answer 14

anterior and posterior ethmoidal
spenopalatine
lateral nasal (from facial)
greater palatine

Question 15

what arteries supply blood to the medial wall of the nose?

Answer 15

anterior and posterior ethmoidal
sphnopalatine
greater palatine
septal branch (of superior labial artery)
Kiesselbach’s area (anastomosis of vessels, responsible for bleeding following a blow to the face)

Question 16

what innervates the lateral wall of the nose?

Answer 16

anterior ethmoidal (branch of nasociliary)
nasal branch of anterior superior alveolar
internal nasal branch of infra-orvital
nasopalatine
greater palatine (posterior superior lateral and inferior lateral nasal branches)
lesser palatine
pharyngeal
nerve of pterygoid canal
maxillary nerve
pterygopalatine ganglion
olfactory bulb

Question 17

what innervates the medial wall of the nose?

Answer 17

olfactory nerves in olfactory epithelium
greater palatine (posterior superior lateral and inferior lateral nasal branches)
lesser palatine
nasopalatine nerve
internal nasal branch of infra-orvbtal
anterior ethmoidal

Question 18

what does the olfactory bulb sit in in the skull?

Answer 18

cribiform plate

Question 19

what provides venous drainage from the nasal region?

Answer 19

facial vein
cavernous sinus
pterygoid plexus
(both the sinus and plexus are posterior to the nasal region and the maxillary and ethmoidal sinuses)

Question 20

what does the frontal sinus open into?

Answer 20

middle meatus

ethmoidal -> infundibulum -> semilunar hiatus

Question 21

what do the anterior and middle ethmoidal sinus open into?

Answer 21

middle meatus

infundibulum and direct

Question 22

what does the maxillary sinus open into?

Answer 22

middle meatus 
(maxillary ostium into semilunar hiatus)

Question 23

what do the post-ethmoidal sinus open into?

Answer 23

directly into superior meatus

Question 24

what does the sphenoidal sinus open into?

Answer 24

directly into spheno-ethmoidal recess