Femoral Triangle, Gluteal Region and Hip Joint Flashcards
what passes through the greater sciatic foramen into the lower limb?
sciatic nerves and vessels
gluteal nerves and vessels
what passes through the subinguinal space (deep to the inguinal ligament) into the lower limb?
femoral nerve and vessels
what passes through the obturator canal into the lower limb?
obturator nerve and vessels
what is the root value of the femoral nerve?
posterior divisions of L2-4
where does the femoral nerve supply?
anterior thigh
what is the root value of the obturator nerve?
anterior division of L2-4
where does the obturator nerve supply?
medial thigh
what is the root value of the sciatic nerve?
L4-S3
lumbosacral trunk from lumbar plexus (L4+5) and sacral nerves (S1-3)
what does the sciatic nerve supply?
posterior thigh
branches supply almost all of the leg and foot
what is the saphenous hiatus?
a space covered by the cribiform fascia where the great saphenous vein drains into the femoral vein
what forms the roof of the femoral triangle?
fasciae latae, cribiform fascia, subcutaneous fascia and skin
what forms the base of the femoral triangle?
inguinal ligament
what forms the lateral wall of the femoral triangle?
sartorius muscle
what forms the medial wall of the femoral triangle?
adductor longus
what forms the floor of the femoral triangle?
iliopsoas and pectineus
what are the contents of the femoral triangle (from lateral to medial)?
femoral nerve femoral artery femoral vein lymphatics --> NAVL
what artery gives what deep branch within the femoral triangle?
femoral artery, gives the profunda femoris
what is the femoral sheath?
fascia surrounding the vascular structures
what is the femoral sheath continuous with and where does it blend?
continuous with the transversalis fascia anteriorly and iliopsoas fascia posteriorly
blends with adventitia of femoral vessels
what is the femoral canal and what does it contain?
potential space medially within the femoral sheath
contains fat and lymphatics
where is gluteus maximus?
sacrum, sacrotuberosus ligament and ilium behind the posterior gluteal line –> iliotibial tract (3/4 fibres), gluteal tuberosity of femur (1/3rd)
what is the function of gluteus maximus?
extends and laterally rotates hip
what innervates gluteus maximus?
inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2)
where is tensor fasciae latae?
anterior iliac crest and anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) –> iliotibial tract
what is the function of tensor fasciae latae?
tenses fasciae latae and iliotibilal tract, supports femur on tibia while standing
what innervates tensor fasciae latae?
superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)
where is gluteus medius?
ilium between posterior and anterior gluteal lines –> lateral surface of greater trochanter of femur
what is the function of gluteus medius?
abduct and medially rotate hip
what innervates gluteus medius?
superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)
where is gluteus minimis?
ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines –> anterior surface of greater trochanter
what is the function of gluteus minimis?
abducts and medially rotates hip
what innervates gluteus minimis?
superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)
where is piriformis?
anterior sacrum and sacrotuberous ligament –> superior border of greater trochanter of femur
what does the piriformis pass through?
greater sciatic foramen
what is the function of piriformis?
laterally rotate hip
what innervates piriformis?
anterior rami S1+2
where is gemellus superior?
ischial spine –> tendon of obturator internus
where is gemellus inferior?
ischial tuberoisty –> blends with tendon of obturator internus
what innervates gemellus superior?
nerve to obturator internus (L5+S1)
what innervates gemellus inferior?
nerve to quadratus femoris (L5+S1)
what is the function of gemellus superior and inferior?
laterally rotate hip
where is quadratus femoris?
ischial tuberoisty –> quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur
what is the function of quadratus femoris?
laterally rotate hip
what innervates quadratus femoris?
nerve to quadratus femoris (L5+S1)
while walking what movement and kind of rotation occurs around the planted limb?
medial rotation and abduction, raising the pelvis
describe the movement of the pelvis and lower limb during walking
plant one limb, medially rotate planted leg, laterally rotate the other leg to bring it forward
around the planted limb you have medial rotation and abduction which raises the pelvis
what are the gluteal vessels and nerves named in relative to?
piriformis
what is the route of the superior gluteal nerve?
comes through above piriformis to run between the gluteus medius and minimus to supply them both
what do the inferior gluteal vessels and nerves supply?
mostly to gluteus maximus
