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Biochem > Triacylglycerides and Phospholipids > Flashcards

Triacylglycerides and Phospholipids Flashcards

1
Q

Phosphatidic acid

A

Complex lipid

1st chain is phosphoryl group

Other two chains are carbon chains

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2
Q

L glycerol 3 phosphate role

A

Precursor to phosphatidic acid
True for both pathways

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3
Q

L glycerol 3 phosphate structure details

A

No double bond
Alcohol in middle and top

In the name

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4
Q

Why is phosphatidic acid important?

A

Precursor to glycerolipids and phospholipids

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5
Q

Why are glycerolipids and phospholipids important?

A

Membrane lipids = regulate curvature
Sphingolipids = self vs non self
Glycerolipids = major energy storage

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6
Q

Triacylglycerol structure reminder

A

Glycerol backbone
3 fatty acid chains

No phosphate group!!!

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7
Q

Glycerophospholipid structure

A

Same as phosphatidic acid but on O of PO4 group
Head group attached

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8
Q

What is the precursor to glycerolipids and phospholipids?

A

Glycerol 3 phosphate
Backbone precursor
Alcohol makes ya fat

Phosphatidic acid
Long chains precursor and phosphorous for lipid precursor
Fussy acid = bubble of fat for protection

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9
Q

Glyceroneogenesis

A

What PEPCK catalyzes in adipose tissue
Pyruvate to glycerol 3 phosphate

Adipose tissue slack glycerol kinase

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10
Q

Adipose tissue lacks what enzyme?

A

Glycerol kinase

Needs to use glyceroneogenesis

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11
Q

Glucocorticoids

A

Glue = sticking together two different effects

Limits PEPCK in adipose = more free FA
Promotes PEPCK in liver = more triglycerol production

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12
Q

Thiazolidinediones

A

Tea = healing = diabetes treatment
Activates PEPCK in adipose
=more free FA

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13
Q

Rosiglitazone

A

Sig nasty man = heart attack

3 aromatic rings
1 at end is symmetrical looks like a fat man raising hands ONO with S = NS= nasty man

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14
Q

Cortisol

A

Glucocorticoid

Cort = cort

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15
Q

Precursor to phospholipid synthesis

A

Phosphatatidic acid (from glucose or Triacyl glycerol)

P—> 1,2 diacylglycerol

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16
Q

Glycerophospholipids: 2 pathways for head group addition - reminders

A

CDP = cytidine diphosphate = important for both

1st = more common = only one used by bacteria
= CDP activates diacylglycerol = CDP-diacylglycerol
Oh of alcohol head group is nucleophile that attacks phosphorous
Releases CMP

2nd =
Phosphoric acid is activated by CDP
Acts as nucleophilic attack accepter
Oh of diacylglycerol attacks

17
Q

CDP structure

A

Cytidine + 2x Phosphorous groups

18
Q

Serine structure reminder

A

3cs
Alcohol
Serine in middle
=serene = alcohol = n in middle j chilling

Carboxylase on other side of oh

19
Q

EthanolAmine structure reminder

A

Amine that is also an alcohol
2Cs

20
Q

Choline structure reminder

A

Choline = chlorine = n swimming in methyl

21
Q

General pathway of intermediates for phosphatidyl choline

A

CDP-diacylglycerol

Phosphatidyl ethanolamine

Phosphatidyl choline

22
Q

How does phosphatidyl serine synthesis differ between species?

A

Yeast/ bacteria =
1st pathway of group addition
CDP diacylglycerol reacts with serine to release CMP

Eukaryotes=
Head group exchange reaction with either phosphatidyl choline or phosphatidyl ethanolamine
Generates freee choline or free ethanolamine

23
Q

How does phosphatidyl choline synthesis differ between species?

A

Bacteria/ yeast=
Starts with CDP-diacylglycerol
To phosphatidyl serine
To phosphatidyl ethanolamine
To phosphatidyl choline

Mammals=
Choline + choline kinase —> phosphocholine
Needs atp

Reacts w CDP —> CDP choline
Releases PPi

Reacts with diacylglycerol
Releases CMP

Phosphatidyl choline

24
Q

General reaction for phosphatidyl choline in mammals

A

Choline +1 ATP + 1CTP + 1 diacylglycerol
—> CMP + PPi + ADP + phosphatidyl choline

25
Q

Pathway of phosphotidyl choline from phosphatidic acid

A

ATP need is unknown…..

Phosphatidic acid —> 12 diacylglycerol —> phosphatidyl serine
—> phosphatidyl ethanolamine —> phosphatidyl choline

Or

Phosphatidic acid —> 12 diacylglycerol —> added to CDP choline —> phosphotidylcholine

26
Q

Major cofactors of phospholipid synthesis

A

CDP
SAM

27
Q

PSS1 definition and function

A

Phosphotidyl serine synthase I
Transfers both phosphotidyl chlorine and phosphotidyl ethanolamine to phosphotidyl serine in mammals

28
Q

PSS2 definition and function

A

Transforms phosphotidyl ethanolamine into phosphotidyl serine in mammals

29
Q

PS decarboxylase definition and function

A

Phosphatidyl serine carboxylase
Converts phosphatidyl serine to phosphatidyl ethanolamine

30
Q

Methyl transferase

A

Transfers methyl group from SAM (adoMet) to phosphotidyl ethanolamine
To form
Phosphotidyl choline

X3

CH3 is on sulfur group

31
Q

Choline kinase

A

ATP activated
Phosphorylation of fee choline to form phosphocholine

32
Q

Why would a rat with a methionine deficiency be able to thrive when diet is high in choline?

A

Phosphatidic acid is important for lots of functions
2 pathways for creation

De novo requires SAM which is a methionine

Salvage pathway requires free choline and no methionine

33
Q

Triacylglycerols

A

Storage lipids
Glycerol backbone
3 FAs

34
Q

Glycerophospholipids

A

Membrane
Glycerol backbone
2 FAs
1 phosphate group + alcohol

35
Q

Glycolipid

A

Membrane
Sphingosine backbone
FA
Saccharide

36
Q

Sphingolipids

A

Either phospholipid or glycolipid
If phospholipid
= Sphinegosine backbone
Fa
Po4- choline

37
Q

Glycerophospholipid vs triglyceride formation pathway

A

Both=
DHAP(NADH) or glycerol (atp)—> l glycerol 3 phosphate
—> phosphatidic acid
= 2ATP due to Acyl CoA synthetase

Glycerophospholipid= phosphatidic acid —> 12 diacylglycerol —> Glycerophospholipid

Triacyl glyceride = phosphatidic acid —> 12 diacylglycerol —> triacylglyceride
Needs 1ATP acyl coa synthetase

So Glycerophospholipid = 3 atp
Triacylglyceride = 4atp

Biochem (23 decks)

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