Nitrogen Fixation

Question 1

Majority of nitrogen fixation

Answer 1

Bacteria
Industrial production

If too much nitrogen = aquatic dead zones

Question 2

Types of plants and nitrogen need

Answer 2

Leaf = high need
Fruits = needs Phosphorus
Roots = needs potassium
Legumes = fixes nitrogen

Question 3

Nitrate

Answer 3

No3

Ox is 5

Question 4

Nitrite

Answer 4

No2
Ox is 3

Question 5

Nitrogen

Answer 5

N2
Triple bond
Needs 6es to break down to ammonia

Question 6

Ammonia

Answer 6

Nh3
Ox is -3

Question 7

Nitrogen fixation

Answer 7

By bacteria
In plants = bacteria in roots
N2 to nh3

Needs
Mg, iron, atp, pyruvate,

Question 8

Nitrogen fixing enzyme

Answer 8

Nitrogenase complex

Dinitrogenase reductase
= atp use, transfers es to Dinitrogenase usually from ferrodoxin

DiNitrogenase
=transfers 6e to nitrogen
=2e to form h2

Question 9

Net reaction for nitrogen fixing

Answer 9

N2 + 8H+ + 8e- + 16ATP —> 2 NH3 + 16 ADP + H2 + 16 Pi

Pyruvate = e source

Question 10

Leghemoglobin

Answer 10

Covers up bacteria and binds to o2 to prevent enzyme corruption

Question 11

Assimilation

Answer 11

No2/no3 to nh3 by plants
Used for amino acids etc
Also uses Mo cofactors
NADPH es source

Question 12

Glutamate structure reminders

Answer 12

5C
1 Nitrogen
Glutes = half of leg day = 5
Party on both ends = glute boys

Mate let me help you out!

Question 13

Glutamine structure reminders

Answer 13

5C
2 nitrogen groups
Party on both ends
Glute = 5 bc half of leg day

Ya it’s mine!
The N group

Question 14

Enzyme for glutamine synthesis

Answer 14

Glutamine synthetase
= 1 atp needed
Adds pi as leaving group when adding 2nd free nh3

Question 15

Glutamine Synthesis Regulation

Answer 15

Cumulative feedback
= multiple inhibitors = need all present for complete shut down
= amp, tryptophan, carbamoyl phosphate, Ctp, histidine, glucosamine 6 phosphate

Also inhibited by alanine/ glycine = glutamate products sort of

Question 16

How does atp regulate glutamine synthetase?

Answer 16

Covalent modification
= adenylated = p added by atp = deactivated

=deadenylation = p removed by ADP = activated

Question 17

Types of non essential AA pathways

Answer 17

-PLP dependent transamination
-reduction
-amidation
-phenylalinine hydroxylase
-aminotransferase/ Phosphatase

Question 18

Asparate source

Answer 18

Oxaloacetate

Question 19

Glycine source

Answer 19

3 phosphoglycerate

Question 20

Serine source

Answer 20

3 phosphoglycerate

Serene at sea = 3 letters = 3 carbons
Ine = Amine
Ser = a lot of o = on both ends
1 carboxyl
1 aldose

Question 21

Glycine source

Answer 21

3 phosphoglycerate

Ine = amine group
Gly = 3 letters = 3 C
GlyCCC = only Cs

Question 22

Glutamine source

Answer 22

Alpha keto glutarate

= alpha = party on both ends = glutes = 5
Ketose group
Direct Precursor to glutamate via PLP

Question 23

PLP structure

Answer 23

Helps transfer amine groups by stabilizing enzyme cys w Schiff base

1 po4 group
N ring with 2 os = Alien looking branch with o
= P lip = big eyes

Question 24

Asparagine source

Answer 24

Oxaloaectate

Question 25

PLP pairs

Answer 25

Alpha keto glutarate and glutamate

Oxaloacetate and asparate