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Biochem > Reglation Of Body Weight > Flashcards

Reglation Of Body Weight Flashcards

1
Q

Leptin

A

Lep thin = satiety

= body weight focused

=adipose shrinking / growing modifies level of leptin

Produced by adipose tissues

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2
Q

Ob/ob

A

Obese
Deficient in ligand leptin
Always hungry
Insulin resistant
High blood glucose bc can’t stop eating

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3
Q

Db/db

A

Diabetic
Obese
Lacks receptor for leptin

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4
Q

Primary location of leptin receptor

A

Hypothalamus

  • neurons of arcuate nucleus
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5
Q

What regulates ampk?

A

Ratio of amp to atp

Leptin

Adiponcerin

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6
Q

Ucp1 direction of H+

A

Into matrix

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7
Q

Organism level hormones for E balance

A

Leptin = energy use

Insulin = energy storage

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8
Q

Cellular level E balance regulation

A

Amp/atp to AMPK

FA derivatives to PPARs

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9
Q

Pathway for leptin

A

Leptin from adipose to hypothalamus

Hypothalamus releases Norepinephrine = fight or flight = GLPC protein called B3AR

= g alpha activated - AC - cAMP increases

PKA activated
= MAPCK activated
= ucp1 transcription goes up

Also pka = periliptin phosphorylated = lipases can breakdown TAGs = FFAs to mitochondria

= UCP1 gene enables oxidation of atp via thermogenesis = no atp released, heat instead

Want to get rid of body energy as heat

Want to break down fat = size of adipose to be maintained

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10
Q

Signals from neuron that have info about hunger

A

NPY = eat = neuropeptide Y

Alpha - MSH = don’t eat

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11
Q

Leptin —> neuron signals

A

Inhibits NPY

Activates alpha MSH

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12
Q

Insulin —> neuron signal

A

Inactivated NPY

Insulin is from pancreas

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13
Q

GLP1 —> neuron signal

A

Inactivates NPY

From gut

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14
Q

Ghrelin

A

Activates NPY

From Stomach

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15
Q

Adiponectin

A

From adipose tissue

Increases sensitivity to insulin

Activates FA uptake and rate of beta oxidation

Can activate AMPK ?

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16
Q

Adenylate kinase reaction

A

ATP + AMP —> 2ADP

Amp activates AMPK

ATP inactivates ampk

17
Q

AMPK details

A

Key kinase protein

Activates catabolism processes = atp production

Inactivates anabolism = synthesis, transport, muscle contraction, growth

18
Q

Leptin interaction with ampk

A

In hypothalamus = ampk promotes feeding behavior = promotes atp production = limits atp consumption, increase other energy production

leptin inhibits ampk = appetite suppression by inactivating NYP and activating alpha MSG = we do not need to break things down
= we are fueled and we need to use the fuel to build things

This in turn decreases atp in tissues = amp:atp increases = eventual activation of ampk in peripheral tissues

In peripheral tissues : leptin leads to norep being releases = PKA pathways, TAG breakdown
== beta oxidation = no atp production = ratio is not improved for ampk

19
Q

Kinase for AMPK

A

LKB1
= liver kinase protein B

20
Q

What raises amp to atp ratio?

A

Chemical and physical work

ATP —> adp + pi = synthesis / motors

ATP —> amp + PPi = FA, amino acid activation

21
Q

What processes can totally mess up atp production?

A

Hypoxia, glucose starvation, certain poisons

22
Q

ACC and AMPK

A

ACC = acetyl coA Carboxylase = produces malonyl coa = first step to FAS
= liver/ white adipose tissue
-> malonyl coa inhibits carnitive Acyl transferase = 1st step to FA breakdown in mitochondria

AMPK inhibits ACC

23
Q

When you are hungry, body wants to

When you are full, body want to

A

Break down materials (for e)

Build materials (using e)

24
Q

Mechanisms of hormone action

A

G protein coupled receptor

Receptor enzyme = thyrosine kinase

Gated ion channel

Nuclear receptor

25
Q

PPAR details

A

Peroxisome proliferator activates receptors

Act in liver, muscle, adipose tissues

Respond to changes in dietary lipids

Alter gene expression for fat/ carbs metabolism

26
Q

Ligands for PPARs

A

FAs and FA derivatives

27
Q

What enables PPAR to regulate rate of transcription for target genes?

A

Binds to its Ligand

Now it is able to bind to RXR = heterodimer

RXR has separate ligand = 9cisretinoic acid

Binds to DNA regions of interest

See vitamin d3 example and VDR later on

28
Q

PYY details

A

Acts on Same GPCR site as GLP1 - both from gut

Glucagon like peptide receptor = all over the body = pancreas
= gpcr patwhays - galpha for sure = PKA = calcium up and insulin secretion up

= signal to inactivate NYP neuron = hunger down

29
Q

Glucagon signals what

A

Hormonal signal from pancreas alpha cells

Blood glucose levels too low!

Opposite effects of glucose in blood

Need to release glucose

Counters insulin effects = glucose uptake when blood sugar is high

30
Q

Through what pathway does glucagon send signals?

A

GPCR
Specifically alpha protein
= same as epinephrine = camp up so PKA up so glucose released

= fight or flight = need energy fast = glucose in blood needed

31
Q

Is PKA not involved in insulin signaling?

A

No
Only g protein signaling pathways

Insulin = PI3K pathway = PKB involved
MAPK pathway = raf1, mek, Erk involved

32
Q

Thiazolidine and PPARs

A

TZD is agonist for PPAR gamma
Stimulates genes for insulin sensitivity
Glucose uptake
Glycogen synthesis

33
Q

Leptin receptor pathway

A

1 leptin molecule
2x receptor molecules
Each with once JAK

Autophosphorylate JAK = leptin receptor is phosphorylated
Activated
Phosphorylates STAT = 1 per JAK
2x STAT dimerize

= genes for appetite control
= POMC transcription

34
Q

POMC is precursor for

A

Alpha MSH

35
Q

Leptin pathway memory

A

Lip thin

Get jacked stat = each arm needs to be buff = 2x Jak and stat

Biochem (23 decks)

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