Trentino-Alto Adige, Friuli, Veneto, and rest of Northern Italy

Question 1

What two rivers converge at the Alto Adige capitol city of Bolzano creating the y-shaped valley where the region’s famed vines are grown?

Answer 1

Adige (Etsch) and the Isarco (Eisach)

Question 2

What mountain range protects the Alto Adige from cool northern winds?

Answer 2

Alps

Question 3

What is the most planted red grape of Alto Adige?

Answer 3

Schiava

Question 4

What proportion of production in the Alto Adige is controlled by Cooperatives?

Answer 4

2/3

Question 5

What shift in regards to vine training method has resulted in elevated quality in Alto Adige?

Answer 5

The move away from Pergola to lower-yielding Guyot. However many of the old local varieties that survive are trained to Pergola.

Question 6

What are the 3 DOCs of the Alto Adige (Bolzano/Bozen)?

Answer 6

Lago di Caldero DOC (Schiava)
Valdadige DOC
Alto Adige DOC

Question 7

What are the 7 subregions of Alto Adige DOC?

Answer 7

Colli di Bolzano
Meranese
Santa Maddalena
Terlano
Valle Isarco
Valle Venosta
Lago di Caldero

Question 8

What is the other name for Alto Adige DOC?

Answer 8

Südtirol DOC

Question 9

What is the other name for Lago di Caldero DOC?

Answer 9

Kalterersee DOC

Question 10

What is the minimum percentage of Schiava required for Lago di Caldero DOC?

Answer 10

min 85%

Question 11

What are 3 cooperatives making quality wine in Alto Adige?

Answer 11

Cantine Terlano
San Michele Appiano
Cantina Tramin

Question 12

What is the Alto Adige name for single vineyard?

Answer 12

Leiten

Question 13

What is the minimum/maximum amount of Corvina for Amarone?

Answer 13

min 45% / max 95%

Question 14

What are the grape requirements for Amarone?

Answer 14

45-95% Corvina
5-50% Rondinella
up to 50% Corvinone in place of Corvina
up to 15% of any red variety authorized in the province of Verona

Question 15

What is Corvinone?

Answer 15

Red grape native to Veneto and once thought to be a mutation of Corvina. Both are distinctively different grapes and used for the production of Amarone, Bardolina, Recioto, Ripasso, and Valpolicella.

Question 16

Amarone was first created as a result of a recioto scapata, or an escaped Recioto. What does this mean?

Answer 16

The original intention when this wine was first produced was to make a sweet wine. A barrel accidentally continued to ferment completely to dryness and thus the style was born.

Question 17

Recioto della Amarone and Amarone are similar in style but what distinction makes them different?

Answer 17

Amarone must be fermented to dryness with a maximum RS of no more than 12g/L and min of 14% alcohol.

Question 18

What is the max RS for Amarone?

Answer 18

Maximum 9g/L at 14% abv and up to 12g/L at 16% abv as stipulations permit leeway for alcohol levels at increments above 14% abv to balance the level of alcohol

Question 19

What are the stipulations regarding the max RS level in Amarone in regards to abv?

Answer 19

Max 9g/L RS at 14% and up to a max of 12g/L as a result of the following

For every 0.10% increase in alcohol above 14% abv and below 16% abv, an additional 0.10g/L is permitted

For every 0.10% increase in alcohol above 16% abv an additional 0.15g/L is permitted

Question 20

What is the maximum percentage of produce a producer is allowed to convert into Amarone production?

Answer 20

Max 65%; the remainder must be used for Valpolicella DOC and Valpolicella Ripasso DOC

Question 21

What are the 5 subzones of the Classico area for Amarone Production from North to South?

Answer 21

Marano
Fumane
Negrar
Sant'Ambrogio
San Pietro in Cariano

Question 22

What are the aging requirements for Amarone?

Answer 22

Normale:
min 2 years from January 1 of the year following harvest

Riserva:
min 4 years from January 1 of the year following harvest

Question 23

For how long must grape be dried for the production of Amarone? What is the minimum natural potential abv following the drying process?

Answer 23

Grapes must be dried until at least December 1 of the harvest year and must be dried to achieve 14% natural potential alcohol

Question 24

What happens on a molecular level during the drying process to contribute to richness in the final product of Amarone?

Answer 24

Acids metabolize and tannins polymerize contributing to the richness that Amarone is known for.

Question 25

Traditionally why were the best grapes grown for Amarone production high on the hillsides?

Answer 25

Because they would be above the fog line which warded off the development of botrytis that is so common below it.

Question 26

What is the traditional aging vessel for Amarone?

Answer 26

Botti is the traditional vessel though barrique seems to be more of a norm.

Question 27

What are 5 top producers of Amarone?

Answer 27

``` Bertani Quintarelli Dal Forno Tommaso Bussola Roccolo Grassi ```

Question 28

Aquileia DOC produces whites and reds from what two grapes respectively?

Answer 28

Whites from min 50% Friulano Reds from min 50% Refosco

Question 29

Colli Bolzano or Bozner Leiten wines are wines made from a min of what grape?

Answer 29

Min 85% Schiava/Vernatch

Question 30

What is the DOC of Fausto Maculan?

Answer 30

Breganze DOC in the Veneto

Question 31

What is the principal red grape of Carso (Carso-Kras) DOC?

Answer 31

Min 70% Terrano

Question 32

What is the name of Collio DOC in Slovenia?

Answer 32

Goriška Brda

Question 33

What is the full name of the Collio DOC?

Answer 33

Collio Goriziano DOC

Question 34

What percentage of wine produced in the Collio DOC is white?

Answer 34

Around 85%

Question 35

What are the principal red grapes of Collio DOC and what French region's reds are these said to resemble in expression?

Answer 35

Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Cabernet Franc. Said to resemble the light bodied, textured and sometimes vegetal expressions of the Loire Valley's reds.

Question 36

What is the famous soil type found in Collio DOC and Colli Orientali del Friuli DOC?

Answer 36

Flysch of Cormons clay/marl and sandstone

Question 37

There are 12 white varietals that can be produced varietally in Collio DOC. What are they?

Answer 37

``` Chardonnay Friulano Malvazia Muller-Thurgau Picolit Pinot Bianco Pinot Grigio Ribolla Riesling Riesling Italico Sauvignon Gewurztraminer ```

Question 38

What 4 red varietals may be produced varietally in the Collio DOC?

Answer 38

Cabernet Sauvignon Cabernet Franc Merlot Pinot Nero

Question 39

Wines labeled Collio Cabernet in Collio DOC may be a blend of any proportion of what three grapes?

Answer 39

Cabernet Sauvignon Cabernet Franc Carmenère

Question 40

What are the aging requirements for both Collio Bianco and Collio Rosso Riserva respectively?

Answer 40

Collio Bianco Riserva: Min 20 months from November 1 of Harvest Year Collio Rosso Riserva: Min 30 months from November 1 of the Harvest Year including min 6 months in wood

Question 41

What are three top producers of Collio DOC wines?

Answer 41

``` Borgo del Tiglio Venica and Venica Villa Russiz Livio Felluga Mario Schiopetto ```

Question 42

Which river creates the border between the Colli Orientali del Friuli DOC and Collio DOC?

Answer 42

Judrio River

Question 43

What are the top 3 white grapes planted in both Collio DOC and Colli Orientali del Friuli DOC by volume?

Answer 43

Chardonnay Sauvignon Blanc Pinot Grigio

Question 44

What are the 5 subzones Friuli Colli Orientali DOC?

Answer 44

``` Cialla Ribolla Gialla di Rosazzo Pignolo di Rosazzo Schioppettino di Prepotto Refosco di Faedis ```

Question 45

What are the grape requirements for Colli Orientali del Friuli Picolit DOCG vs those for the Cialla subzone of thi DOCG?

Answer 45

Cialla is 100% Picolit Standard DOCG is min 85% Picolit plus max 15% other Friulian white grapes except Gewurztraminer

Question 46

What are the aging requirements for Colli Orientali del Friuli Picolit DOCG Cialla normale vs riserva?

Answer 46

Normale: May not be sold until Sep 1 of the 2nd year following harvest (2 years) Riserva: May not be sold until Nov 1 of the 4th year following harvest (4 years)

Question 47

WHat are the permitted white and red grapes respectively for Friuli Colli Orientali DOC Cialla?

Answer 47

White: Any proportion of Verduzzo, Ribolla Gialla, and Picolit Red: Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso and/or Schioppettino

Question 48

What are the two dessert wine DOCGS of Friuli?

Answer 48

Ramandolo DOCG: 100% Verduzzo Colli Orientali del Friuli Picolit DOCG

Question 49

What are the grape requirements for the Rosazzo subzone of Friuli Colli Orientali DOC vs Rosazzo DOCG?

Answer 49

Rosazzo subzone can be produced from Ribolla Gialla (Ribolla Gialla di Rosazzo) for white or Pignolo (Pignolo di Rosazzo) for red DOC Rosazzo DOCG wine is produced exclusively as white wine and from the following grapes: Friulano/Tocai Bianco (min 50%), Sauvignon Blanc (20-30%), Pinot Bianco and/or Chardonnay (20-30%), and max 10% Ribolla

Question 50

How is Prosecco Col Fondo produced and what is it said to emulate?

Answer 50

Col Fondo is produced by a secondary fermentation in bottle similar to Champagne. Unlike Champagne, the bottle is not disgorged and lees are present in the bottle giving it a cloudy appearance and sometimes funky on the nose. Another departure in style of Col Fondo from Prosecco is that it is most often Frizzante in style, or slightly fizzy rather than full on sparkling or Spumante style.

Question 51

If a Prosecco is Col Fondo in style what will be present on the label? Why is Col Fondo not typically listed on bottles?

Answer 51

"Rifermentazione in bottiglia" Col Fondo is too similar to the trademark "Colfondo" by two wineries in the Veneto and thus not permitted on labels according to the Consorzio, though this is loosely regulated.

Question 52

What is the name of a cantina sociale in Trentino-Alto Adige?

Answer 52

Kellereigenossenschaft

Question 53

What is the largest catina sociale in Trentino-Alto Adige?

Answer 53

Cavit

Question 54

What large cantina sociale in Emilia Romagna is responsible for the bulk of Lambrusco production?

Answer 54

Riunite

Question 55

Which DOC is considered the white equivalent of red Bardolino? What are the principal grapes used in this blend?

Answer 55

Cortese/Bianca Fernanda Friulano/Trebbianello Trebbiano Garganega

Question 56

What is the color, style, and sweetness level produced in Rossese di Dolceacqua DOCG?

Answer 56

Dry, still, red produced from min 95% Rossese (Tibouren)

Question 57

What is the synonym for Dolcetto in Liguria?

Answer 57

Ormeasco

Question 58

Why did the production of passito style wines become so prominent in ancient times?

Answer 58

Because wine made from dried grapes was sweeter, stronger, and therefore more stable and thus could be conserved when shipped for trade outside the area of production.

Question 59

What is Torcolato and where is it produced?

Answer 59

Sweet, white passito wine produced from Vespaiolo grapes in the Breganze DOC; min RS level is 35g/L

Question 60

For how long is Torcolato Riserva aged?

Answer 60

2 years

Question 61

What is the Friulian synonym for Blaufrankisch?

Answer 61

Franconia

Question 62

What is Friulano also known as?

Answer 62

Sauvignonasse; also previously known as Tocai Friulano

Question 63

What three distinct cultures or people make up the confluence of culture in Friuli?

Answer 63

German, Italian, and Slavic

Question 64

Who is responsible for introducing temperature-control to fermentation in Friuli giving Italy's first fresh, fruity, internationally styled white wines? When was this?

Answer 64

Mario Schiopetto; the 1960s

Question 65

What are the 5 top indigenous white grapes of Italy?

Answer 65

``` Friulano Ribolla Malvasia di Istria Verduzzo Picolit ```

Question 66

What are the 4 top indigenous red grapes of Friuli?

Answer 66

Refosco Schioppettino Pignolo Tazzelenghe

Question 67

What are 4 grapes transplanted to Friuli from Austria?

Answer 67

Riesling Italico (Welschriesling) Franconia (Blaufränkisch) Traminer Muller-Thurgau

Question 68

What are the 4 rivers of Collio DOC?

Answer 68

Tagliamento Natisone Judrio Isonzo

Question 69

Which appellation requires a higher minimum of Garganega, Soave/Soave Superiore or Gambellara?

Answer 69

Gambellara: min 80% | Soave/Soave Superiore: min 70%

Question 70

What's the Vin Santo appellation of the Veneto and what is the principal grape?

Answer 70

Gambellara DOC; bottled as Vin Santo Classico di Gambellara Garganega is the principal grape

Question 71

La Biancara estate is located within the appellation boundaries of what DOC?

Answer 71

Gambellara DOC

Question 72

What does Classico indicate in the Gambellara DOC?

Answer 72

Classico in Gembellara indicates lower yields and higher min abv rather than provenance of a historic subzone

Question 73

What has stricter yield restrictions Soave DOC or Soave Superiore DOCG and what are the differences?

Answer 73

Soave Superiore DOCG is more restrict with max yields of 10 tons/ha vs 15tons/ha. (14 tons/ha for Colli Scaligeri and Classico)

Question 74

The Colli Scaligeri is associated with which appellation? What can be said about this area?

Answer 74

Soave DOC; these are considered superior vineyards on the hillsides outside the Classico zone and represent quality beyond straight Soave DOC

Question 75

Beyond Soave and Gambellara, what are three other DOC appellations that feature Garganega as a principal grape in Veneto?

Answer 75

Bianco di Custoza DOC Colli Berici DOC Colli Euganei DOC

Question 76

In what year was Prosecco as a grape renamed Glera and why?

Answer 76

2009; to give the wine name Prosecco protected designation.

Question 77

What was the cause of a massive reduction of yields in Prosecco in 1995?

Answer 77

Flavescence dorée outbreak.

Question 78

What DOC in Friuli is responsible for over 50% of the region's total output?

Answer 78

Grave del Friuli DOC

Question 79

What is the name given to unfiltered, bottle-fermented, frizzante Prosecco?

Answer 79

Col Fondo

Question 80

Breganze Torcolato is made with which grape?

Answer 80

Vespaiolo

Question 81

What is Kretzer and where is it produced?

Answer 81

Kretzer is a saignée rosé specialty produced from a single varietal and found in the Teroldego Rotaliano and Trentino DOCs in Trentino and the Valdadige and Alto Adige DOCs in Alto Adige.