trends of media ownership

Question 1

types of media

Answer 1

print media

audio-visual media

digital media

Question 2

types of media organisations

Answer 2

community - community based eg local hospital radio stations

private - companies privately owned designed for profit eg news corp

public - public or state owned eg BBC

Question 3

concentration of media ownership (USA)

Answer 3

1983 - 50 corporations controlled majority of news media in USA
1992 - 22 companies own and operate 90% of mass media

media ownership concentrated in 6 corportations
- comcast, disney, 21st Century Fox/new corp, warner media, viacom and CBS corportation

feminism - owned by men
marxism - false class consciousness - r/c
pluralism - consume what they want

Question 4

the british newspaper industry

Answer 4

Curran - concentration of ownership in british newspaper industry

1938 - 4 men owned over half daily newspapers

today - 7 individuals / small companies dominate ownership eg Rupert Murdoch and Lord Rothermere

Question 5

the british broadcasting media

Answer 5

concentration of ownership in british commercial and satellite TV

ITV plc - owns 13 of 15 regional commercial TV franchises

channel 5 owned by viacom

Question 6

increasing concentrations of media organisations

Answer 6

fewer and fewer large companies increasingly own what we watch and listen to - concentration of media ownership

companies operate on increasingly globalised scale

Question 7

global conglomerates

Answer 7

companies compete globally for media market

media content broadcast globally

media conglomerates - an organisation that owns large numbers of companies in various mass media eg TV, radio, film

Question 8

increasing media choice

Answer 8

last 15 years - rapid increase in range of media available

1988 - 4 domestic channels, 60 commercial radio stations, 14 cinema multiplexes, 0 web pages

• 250, 350, 350, billions

Question 9

horizontal integration

Answer 9

one company owns a diverse range of different media forms - cross-media ownership

eg news corp owned newspapers and publishing

often hold stock in other media companies

Question 10

vertical integration

Answer 10

when media company owns and controls several stages of media production - maximise profits

warner media makes films and owns cinemas

Question 11

lateral expansion

Answer 11

diversification

leads to further concentration of media ownership - diversify into new business areas eg virgin

Question 12

global conglomeration

Answer 12

globalisation led to even further concentration of media ownership

international markets - new media eg internet and smartphones

news corp - owns hundreds of different types of media companies across globe

Question 13

synergy

Answer 13

integration of different media forms - use diversity to package sample product in multiple ways to increase profit - harry potter

Question 14

technological convergence

Answer 14

fairly new concept

• process where media is increasingly concentrated in one device

companies in different fields are converging together in new market

Question 15

marxist view

Answer 15

concentration of media ownership - dominant ideology - sway w/c into supporting ruling class

Question 16

pluralistic view

Answer 16

consumers are the ones who are real power holders - consumer choice - simply economic and reduces costs involved in contracting services