ethnicity Flashcards
stereotypes
Van Dijk - content analysis - news representations of black people could be categorised into three stereotypically negative types of news
- unimportant
- threat
- ethnic minority people as criminals
- exotic
ethnic minority groups represented as unimportant
Crowdtangle - social media analytics tool - first week after Sarah Everard’s death twice as many facebook posts compared to Sabrina Nessa
Google trends - huge spike but Nessa’s death was no spike
Van Dijk - aspects of media imply lives of people people more important
Sir Ian Blair - claimed that institutional racism characterised british media reporting of crime
when ethnic minorities appear - tokenism
marxism - profit - white people typically upper class so more media - more reads
pluralism - more relatability to white people
what is tokenism
practice of making a symbolic effort to do a particular thing
make it appear that a programme has considered racial equality
overcompensate for lack of executives, producers and directs from ethnic minority groups by putting too many ethnic minorities on screen
ethnic minority groups represented as unimportant evaluation
the black lives matter movement in 2020 has arguably led to more media outlets focusing on equal and accurate representations of communities - eg black face taken off netflix - changing cultural attitudes
the murder of stephen lawrence - institutional racism in metropolitan police - huge media coverage
ethnic minority groups represented as a threat
Van Dijk - content analysis suggested that a common news stereotype - moral panics
immigrants - refugee crisis in 2015 - brexit focus
refugees and asylum seekers - coming to britain abuse welfare state - Katie Hopkins
muslims - terrorism, 9/11m demonised, backwards religion
marxism - controversy = profit
interactionism - labelling
pluralism - reflects society
Moore et al - content analysis - focus on everyday coverage of british muslims after 9/11 and 7/8 - 1/3rd focused on terrorism and 1/3rd focused on differences between cultures eg hijab - stories on attacks on muslims rare
Boris Johnson - 2018 - letter box
Hall - white eye
ethnic minority groups represented as a threat evaluation
some evidence that tabloid press can be sympathetic eg video of 15 year old syrian refugee being beaten up went viral - gofundme formed
ethnic minority groups represented as criminals
1970s - moral panics of young black men living in london scapegoats for muggings
Hall - white eye - crisis in capitalism - heavier policing strategies
mess media pressure law and order - transmission of dominant ideology
Cushion et al - TV and radio - 2008-09 - negative news values for young black men - 7 in 10 about crime
Law - conducted a content analysis of news output from press, radio and TV 1996-1997 - clear link between race, violence, dangerousness and crime
ethnic minority groups represented as criminals evaluation
many sociologists highlight criminal rioters - london 2011 riots - narrative decreasing especially with black lives matter in 2020
David Starkley - criticised for controversial comments on black men and criminality - police investigated him for insensitive comments on slavery youtube video
ethnic minority groups represented as exotic
rituals, dress, language and food are not understood as parts of complex cultural and social formations
Hall - white eye - world is viewed through white, western point of view - ethnocentrism
institutional racism within media - racist assumptions built into the rules
interactionism
interactionism
media reporting and representations of muslims in 2000s - moral panic
Goffman - stigmatised identity - abnormal and undesirable
contributes to Islamaphobia
word muslim conjured images of terrorism and extremist preachers
labelling - creates scapegoats marginalising ethnic minorities
pluralism
simply reflecting news values of journalists - providing material media audiences
media is window on the world - media content shaped by martket
supposed to be fears of predominantly white readers - threat reflect real public fears
marxist
media is an ideological state apparatus - functions to divide and rule the working class - distract attention away from inequality
instrumental marxists - bourgeoisie - manipulate media to transmit negative representations of ethnic minorities to divide working class
neo-marxist
Glasgow university media group - negative media representations created through white eyes of media establishment
representations reinforce racist stereotypes - reinforcing cultural hegemony of dominant white ideology
scapegoating ethnic minorities - diverts attention away from inequality
Moral panics - stuart hall - way of reaffirming ruling-class hegemony in society generally
more diversity of ethnic minority media professionals
signs media is growing more diverse - more ethnic minority professionals take up media careers
eg BBC asian network
more diversity of ethnic minority media professionals evaluations
2015 research - 0.4% of british journalists are muslim and 0.2% are black
national for council for training journalists - 26% of white candidates were able to secure newsroom jobs six months after graduation - only 8% of black peers found jobs within press
