men

Question 1

hegemonic masculinity in media

Answer 1

Connell - number of masculine identity - more than one - different levels of status

hegemonic - most status - idealised form of masculinity is represented as desirable

subordinate masculinity - gay and black masculinity - represented as deviant or less desirable

Question 2

men in public sphere in the media

Answer 2

Children now - asked boys between 10 and 17 perceptions of male characters they saw on TV

media representations of men did not reflect changing work and family experiences of most men
- violent, confident, athletic, unemotional
more than 1/3 boys never seen a man doing domestic chores on TV

stereotypes
The Joker - kevin hart
The Jock - Troy high school musical
The strong silent type - James Bond
The big shot - Wolf of Wall Street
The action hero - hulk
Buffoon - homer simpson

Question 3

children now eval

Answer 3

the boys were aware that these male representations were different from own experiences

• active ability to reject message
• pluralism - profit
• interactionism

Question 4

the masculine myth

Answer 4

Easthorpe - variety of media - films, video games - present a view of aggression, strength and violence

Hollywood action hero - ultimate embodiment of myth - most males know they cannot achieve this goal - still internalise it - actors - short term change for role

Notion men have physical, cultural and emotional power as part of their male identity

Question 5

men as violent and aggressive

Answer 5

McNamara - analysed newspapers, magazines and TV - media representations of men and boys failed to portray reality - 80% were negative eg thugs, abusers

Question 6

retributive masculinity

Answer 6

men’s magazines - lad’s mags - symbolically relegate women to sex objects

rutherford - retributive masculinity - birds, booze and football

Question 7

construction of masculinity

Answer 7

Edwards - primary role of men’s style magazines is to encourage spending amongst its readers - consumption to join style elite

Adorno - marxist - commodity fetishism - men’s magazines as part of cultural industry creating false needs and replacing more critical art forms

Question 8

the rise of the metrosexual male and the new man

Answer 8

McNamara - 20% of media representations of masculinity focused on men and boys in touch with feminine side eg fashion
- hipster identity symbolic of being metrosexual

Gauntlett - men’s media eg men’s health - metrosexual values - centred on helping men be considerate lovers

Question 9

lose the lad’s mags campaigns

Answer 9

men’s magazines present women for benefit becoming increasingly obsolete due to lose the lad’s mags campaigns

decline of retributive masculinity