Trends in Demographics Flashcards
What does household size refer to?
The number of people living on average in each household
What was Europe’s fertility rate in 2018?
1.55 births per woman
What percentage of European households lived in single households in 2020?
A third of European households
How many single households were there in the US?
Over 36 million
Which country had the highest average household size in 2020?
Afghanistan
What is the general trend in family size as income increases?
Fertility rates fall
What family types are increasingly common in developed countries?
- Single households
- Single-parent households
- Same-sex households
- Blended families
What does population structure refer to?
The age and gender profile of a population
What demographic transition occurs as countries develop?
Shift from high youthful dependency to ageing dependency
What is a demographic dividend?
A benefit from having a young workforce
What challenges do countries with high youthful dependency face?
- Strain on health services
- Need for increased educational capacity
- Economic growth for employment
What challenges do ageing societies face?
- Health and social care services
- Sufficient workforce to support elderly
What does sex ratio refer to?
The ratio of males to females in a population
What general pattern exists in global sex ratios?
Many more females than males in most parts of the world
What are the three factors influencing sex ratios?
- Differences in mortality rates and life expectancy
- Differences at birth
- Migration
Why do women generally outnumber men in older age groups?
Women on average live longer than men
What is the typical sex ratio at birth in most countries?
Approximately 1,005 males for every 1,000 females
What is a cultural factor contributing to sex ratio imbalances in some countries?
Economic bias towards males leading to female foetus abortions
What is the estimated sex ratio at birth in India?
910 females for every 1,000 males
How does the sex ratio in urban populations compare to rural populations in India?
Urban populations have poorer sex ratios than rural populations
What is one reason for the sex ratio imbalance in urban areas of India?
Easier access to medical services for aborting female foetuses
