China and Nigeria Anti natalist policies Flashcards
What was the primary anti-natalist policy implemented in China?
One-child policy
In what years was China’s One-child policy in force?
1979 to 2015
What was the fertility rate in China from 1950 to 2000?
Fell from about 6.5 children per woman to about 1.8 children
What methods did China initially use to control fertility before the One-child policy?
Nationwide family planning schemes and better access to contraception
What were some of the forced measures introduced under the One-child policy?
Forced birth lists, sterilization, and abortions
Who were exempt from the One-child policy in China?
Rural populations and minority ethnic groups
What percentage of the decline in fertility in China is attributed to government soft policy approaches?
80%
What were the consequences for women who experienced illegal pregnancies under the One-child policy?
Forced abortion and forced sterilization
What was the claim made by China regarding the One-child policy’s impact on population growth?
Prevented 400 million people from being added to its total population
What policy did China introduce in 2021 after the One-child policy?
Two-child policy
What significant change occurred in China’s family planning policy in 2021?
Adoption of a three-child policy and removal of fines for having more children
What was the fertility rate in Bangladesh in 1970 and in 2023?
7 (1970) and 1.9 (2023)
What was the average number of children a Bangladeshi woman had in the mid-1970s?
More than six children
What program was organized in Bangladesh to control fertility?
Bangladesh Family Planning Program
What was the increase in contraception use among married women in Bangladesh from the mid-1970s to 2020?
From 8% to about 75%
What was the estimated cost-effectiveness of the Bangladesh Family Planning Program?
$13 to $18 per birth averted
What was Nigeria’s fertility rate in 1988 and in 2023?
6.6 (1988) and 5 (2023)
What was the name of Nigeria’s anti-natalist policy introduced in 1988?
National Policy for Development, Unity, Progress and Self-reliance
What was one of the ambitious goals of Nigeria’s anti-natalist policy?
Reduce teenage female marriage by 80%
What were some reasons for the failure of Nigeria’s anti-natalist policy?
- Failure to target illiterate rural population
- Low educational base and strong traditional beliefs
- High levels of community distrust in authorities
- High levels of government corruption
