Case study South Korea Flashcards
What is the Demographic Dividend?
The accelerated economic growth that can happen as a country’s population age structure changes, along with investments in health, education, economic policy, and governance.
What is the starting point for the demographic dividend?
The population structure in a country.
What two demographic conditions co-exist for the demographic dividend to develop?
- The number of births each year declines
- The population has not yet achieved very high life expectancy
What is the potential benefit of having a large young workforce?
It can accelerate the economic growth of the country.
True or False: The demographic dividend is guaranteed.
False
What factors influence a government’s ability to capitalize on a demographic advantage?
The effectiveness of its policies.
What health priorities should governments focus on to support the demographic dividend?
- Child survival and nutrition
- Improving performance in schools
- Access to reproductive health
- Adult health services
What role does education play in achieving the demographic dividend?
It takes advantage of a healthy population and improves skills across the workforce.
Fill in the blank: Achieving _______ further boosts the size of the workforce.
gender equality
What types of industries are important for a large working population?
- Labour-intensive industries
- Manufacturing
- Services
- Retail
What is the importance of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in relation to the demographic dividend?
It supports transport and infrastructure that will create jobs and foster further growth.
What is essential for governance to attract investment?
- Government transparency
- Improvements in the judicial system
- Financial security
- Reducing corruption
- Openness to civil participation
What percentage of the population in sub-Saharan Africa is under the age of 15?
40%
What example illustrates the successful realization of a demographic dividend?
South Korea
How did South Korea reduce its fertility rate from 6.3 children per woman in 1960?
Through national family planning campaigns and targeted education.
What was the fertility rate in South Korea by 2005?
1.2 children per woman.
What was the main success of South Korea’s population policy?
Home visits by field workers providing family planning information.
What educational strategy did South Korea adopt between the 1950s and 1960s?
Shifted from compulsory primary education to a production-oriented or vocational education approach.
What was the school participation rate in South Korea by 1990?
97%
What economic shift did South Korea make during its demographic transition?
From dependency on farming and fishing to a diverse industry including manufacturing and services.
What was a key factor in South Korea’s economic growth related to international relations?
Normalizing relations with Japan for rapid injections of FDI.
What does the study by Wolfgang Lutz et al suggest is the most important catalyst for demographic dividend?
Sustained educational reform.
Fill in the blank: The best scenario for Nigeria would be one that combines sustained educational expansion with growth in the _______.
working population
True or False: Population structure alone is the only factor that creates a demographic dividend.
False
What integrated reforms are necessary for establishing a demographic dividend?
- Demographic reforms
- Political reforms
- Economic reforms
- Social reforms
What is the Demographic Dividend?
The accelerated economic growth that can happen as a country’s population age structure changes, together with investments in health, education, economic policy, and governance.
Name one country that benefited from a demographic dividend.
South Korea
What was South Korea’s fertility rate in 1960?
6.3 children per woman
What was South Korea’s fertility rate in 2005?
1.2 children per woman
What were the two key policies that led to South Korea’s demographic dividend?
- Population policies that slowed population growth and reduced fertility rate
- Rapid socio-economic reform focusing on education and gender equality
How did South Korea’s population policies contribute to the demographic dividend?
They created a bulged young working-age population structure.
What was one of the main successes of South Korea’s population policy?
Home visits by field workers providing family planning information.
What was the focus of South Korea’s educational strategy in the 1950s and 1960s?
Shifting from compulsory primary education to a production-oriented or vocational education approach.
What percentage of children accessed compulsory primary education in South Korea in the 1950s?
54%
By what year did school participation in South Korea increase to 97%?
1990
What was a key factor in South Korea’s economic policy changes?
Normalizing relations with Japan which led to rapid injections of FDI.
What did South Korea’s rural construction program aim to achieve?
- Create jobs
- Build modern infrastructure
What was South Korea’s per capita GDP in 1960?
€2,000
What was South Korea’s per capita GDP by 2010?
Over $30,000
Fill in the blank: South Korea’s fertility rate reduced from 6.3 children per woman in 1960 to _______ in 1985.
2.2
True or False: The creation of ‘mothers’ clubs’ in South Korea supported family planning efforts.
True
