Case Study China and Nigeria population growth Flashcards
What is the population of China in 1950?
552 million
This reflects the large base due to high fertility rates at that time.
What is the population of China in 2022?
1.42 billion
Significant growth from 1950 to 2022.
What demographic change has occurred in China’s population structure since 1950?
Shift from a youthful population to an ageing population
This includes a significant gender imbalance in favor of males.
What was the elderly dependency ratio in China in 2022?
18.2
This ratio indicates the number of elderly dependents compared to the working population.
What is the population of Nigeria in 1950?
37 million
A much smaller population compared to China at that time.
What is the population of Nigeria in 2023?
223 million
Rapid growth compared to its population in 1950.
What is the elderly dependency ratio in Nigeria today?
5 elderly dependents for every 100 workers
This indicates a much younger population structure.
What is the youthful dependency ratio in Nigeria today?
80 youthful dependents for every 100 workers
Indicates a high proportion of youth compared to the working population.
What stage of the Demographic Transition Model does China sit in?
Stage 4
Characterized by high life expectancy and low fertility rates.
What has led to falling birth rates in China?
Strict population policies (One-Child Policy, Two-Child Policy) and increasing wealth
These factors have significantly impacted fertility rates.
What is Nigeria’s average fertility rate?
5 children per woman
This high fertility rate is a characteristic of Nigeria’s demographic stage.
What stages of the Demographic Transition Model does Nigeria sit in?
Between stage 2 and stage 3
Characterized by high fertility rates and improved child survival.
What socio-cultural factor reinforces high fertility rates in Nigeria?
Systemic patriarchy
Women have less access to resources and education.
What percentage of girls in Nigeria are married before the age of 18?
43%
In contrast, only 3% of boys are married at that age.
What is a consequence of Nigeria’s rapid population growth?
Debate about demographic dividend opportunities
Nigeria is currently considered pre-dividend due to lack of investment in education and infrastructure.
What economic benefit has China experienced due to its demographic changes?
Demographic dividend leading to sustained economic growth
China has become the second-largest economy in the world.
What challenge does China face due to its ageing population?
Need to support over 400 million people over 60 with a shrinking active population
This creates economic and social challenges.
What is a social issue arising from the gender imbalance in China?
Many men will struggle to find partners
This creates unique social challenges in the population.
