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Step 1 - Quick Decks > Treatments (Rapid Review) > Flashcards

Treatments (Rapid Review) Flashcards

1
Q

P450 inducers

A

“CRAP GPS”

Carbamazepine
Rifampin
Alcohol
Phenytoin
Griseofulvin
Phenobarbital
Sulfonylureas

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2
Q

P450 inhibitors

A

Valproate
Ketoconazole
Isoniazid
Sulfonamides
Chloramphenicol
Amiodarone
Erythromycin
Quinidine
Grapefruit juice

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3
Q

ethylene glycol/methanol intoxication

A

fomepizole (alcohol dehydrogenase competitive inhibitor)

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4
Q

chronic hepatitis B or C

A

IFN-alpha (HBV and HCV); ribavirin, simeprevir, sofosbuvir (HCV)

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5
Q

Streptococcus bovis

A

penicillin prophylaxis; evaluation for colon cancer if linked to infective endocarditis

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6
Q

Clostridium botulinum

A

human botulinum immunoglobulin

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7
Q

Clostridium tetani

A

antitoxin and wound debridement

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8
Q

Clostridioides difficile

A

oral vancomycin or fidoxamicin

refractory cases: repeat regimen or fecal microbiota transplant

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9
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

ceftriaxone (add azithromycin or doxycycline to cover likely concurrent C. trachomatis)

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10
Q

Neisseria meningitidis

A

penicillin/ceftriaxone, rifampin/ciprofloxacin/ceftriaxone (prophylaxis)

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11
Q

Haemophilis influenzae (B)

A

amoxicillin (+clavulanate) for mucosal infections; ceftriaxone for meningitis, rifampin for prophylaxis

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12
Q

Legionella pneumophila

A

macrolides (azithromycin) or fluoroquinolones

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13
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

piperacillin-tazobactam, cephalosporins (3rd/4th gen), monobactams, fluoroquinolones, carbapenems

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14
Q

Treponema pallidum

A

penicillin G

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15
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis

A

azithromycin or doxycycline (+ceftriaxone for gonorrhea coinfection), or erythromycin to treat chlamydial conjunctivitis in infants

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16
Q

Candida albicans

A

topical azoles (vaginitis)

nystatin, fluconazole, capsofungin (oral)

fluconazole, capsofungin, amphotericin B (esophageal or systemic)

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17
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans

A

induction with amphotericin B and flucytosine, maintenance with fluconazole (in AIDS patients)

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18
Q

Sporothrix schenckii

A

itraconazole, oral potassium iodide (only for cutaneous/lymphocutaneous)

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19
Q

Pneumocystis jirovecii

A

TMP-SMX (prophylaxis and treatment), pentamidine, dapsone, atovaquone

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20
Q

Toxoplasma gondii

A

sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine

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21
Q

malaria

A

chloroquine, mefloquine (chloroquine resistant cases), atovaquone/proguanil, primaquine (for liver hypnozoite)

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22
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis

A

metronidazole (patient and partner[s])

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23
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes

A

penicillin

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24
Q

streptococcus pneumoniae

A

penicillin/cephalosporin (systemic infection, pneumonia), vancomycin (meningitis)

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25
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

A

MSSA: nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin

MRSA: vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid, ceftaroline

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26
Q

Enterococci

A

vancomycin, aminopenicillins/cephalosporins

VRE: daptomycin, linezolid, tigecycline, streptogramins

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27
Q

Rickettsia rickettsii

A

doxycycline, chloramphenicol

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28
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

RIPE (rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol)

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29
Q

recurrent UTI prophylaxis

A

TMP-SMX

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30
Q

influenza

A

oseltamivir, zanamivir

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31
Q

HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis

A

tenofovir, emtricitabine

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32
Q

patent ductus arteriosus

A

close with NSAIDs (indomethacin, ibuprofen) or acetaminophen; keep open with PGE analogs

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33
Q

stable angina

A

sublingual nitroglycerin

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34
Q

hypercholesterolemia

A

statin (first-line)

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35
Q

hypertriglyceridemia

A

fibrate

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36
Q

arrythmia in damaged cardiac tissue

A

class IB antiarrhythmic (lidocaine, mexiletine)

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37
Q

prolactinoma

A

bromocriptine (dopamine agonist)

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38
Q

diabetes insipidus

A

central: desmopressin

nephrogenic: hydrochlorothiazide, indomethacin, amiloride

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39
Q

SIADH

A

fluid restriction, IV hypertonic saline, tolvaptan, demeclocycline

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40
Q

diabetic ketoacidosis/hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state

A

fluids, insulin, K+

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41
Q

pheochromocytoma

A

alpha-antagonists (phenoxybenzamine) then B-blockers

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42
Q

carcinoid symptom control

A

octreotide (somatostatin analog), telotristat (inhibits tryptophan hydroxylase)

43
Q

diabetes mellitus type 1

A

dietary intervention (low carbohydrate) + insulin replacement

44
Q

diabetes mellitus type 2

A

dietary intervention, hypoglycemic agents, and insulin (if refractory)

45
Q

gestational diabetes

A

dietary intervention and exercise, add insulin if refractory

46
Q

Crohn disease

A

glucocorticoids, infliximab, azathioprine

47
Q

ulcerative colitis

A

5-ASA preparations (mesalamine), 6-mercaptopurine, infliximab, colectomy

48
Q

sickle cell disease

A

hydroxyurea (increases fetal hemoglobin)

49
Q

chronic myelogenous leukemia

A

BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors (imatinib)

50
Q

acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3)

A

all-trans retinoic acid, arsenic trioxide

51
Q

drug of choice for anticoagulation in pregnancy

A

low-molecular-weight heparin (unless there’s renal insufficiency, then you have to use unfractionated heparin)

52
Q

immediate anticoagulation

A

heparin

53
Q

long-term anticoagulation

A

warfarin, dabigatran, direct factor Xa inhibitors

54
Q

heparin reversal

A

protamine sulfate

55
Q

warfarin reversal

A

vitamin K (slow) +/- fresh frozen plasma or prothrombin complex concentrate (rapid)

56
Q

dabigatran reversal

A

idarucizumab

57
Q

direct factor Xa inhibitor reversal

A

andexanet alfa

58
Q

HER2 + breast cancer

A

trastuzumab

59
Q

hemorrhagic cystitis from cyclophosphamide/ifosfamide

A

mesna

60
Q

nephrotoxicity from platinum compounds

A

amifostine

61
Q

cardiotoxicity from anthracyclines

A

dexrazoxane

62
Q

myelosuppression from methotrexate

A

leucovorin

63
Q

osteoporosis

A

calcium/vitamin D supplementation (prophylaxis); bisphosphonates, PTH analogs, SERMs, calcitonin, denosumab (treatment)

64
Q

osteomalacia/rickets

A

vitamin D supplementation

65
Q

chronic gout

A

xanthine oxidase inhibitors (allopurinol, febuxostat)

66
Q

acute gout attack

A

NSAIDs, colchicine, glucocorticoids

67
Q

Buerger disease

A

smoking cessation

Buerger disease = thromboangiitis obliterans (medium vessel vasculitis)

68
Q

Kawasaki disease

A

IVIG, aspirin

Kawasaki = medium vessel vasculitis

69
Q

giant cell arteritis

A

high-dose glucocorticoids (before biopsy)

70
Q

granulomatosis with polyangiitis

A

cyclophosphamide, glucocorticoids

granulomatosis with polyangiitis = Wegener granulomatosis (small vessel vasculitis)

71
Q

neural tube defect prevention

A

prenatal folic acid

72
Q

migraine

A

abortive therapies (sumatriptan, NSAIDs); prophylaxis (propranolol, topiramate, anti-CGRP antibodies, amitriptyline)

73
Q

trigeminal neurolgia

A

carbamazepine

74
Q

multiple sclerosis

A

disease modifying therapies (beta-interferon, glatiramer, natalizumab, alemtuzumab, rituximab); for acute flares, IV steroids

75
Q

tonic-clonic seizures

A

levetiracetam, phenytoin, valproate, carbamazepine

76
Q

absence seizures

A

ethosuzimide

77
Q

malignant hyperthermia

A

dantrolene

78
Q

ADHD

A

methylphenidate, amphetamines; behavioral therapy; atomoxetine (NE reuptake inhibitor); guanfacine, clonidine (alpha-2 agonists)

79
Q

schizophrenia

A

atypical antipsychotics (quetiapine, ziprasidone, aripiprazole, clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine)

80
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

nutrition, psychotherapy, SSRIs (citalopram, dapoxetine, escitalopram, fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline)

81
Q

bulimia nervosa

A

nutrition rehabilitation, psychotherapy, SSRIs (citalopram, dapoxetine, escitalopram, fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline)

82
Q

alcohol use disorder

A

disulfiram, acamprosate, naltrexone, supportive care

83
Q

bipolar disorder

A

mood stabilizers (lithium, valproate, carbamazepine), atypical antipsychotics (quetiapine, ziprasidone, aripiprazole, clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine)

84
Q

depression

A

SSRIs (citalopram, dapoxetine, escitalopram, fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline)

85
Q

generalized anxiety disorder

A

SSRIs (citalopram, dapoxetine, escitalopram, fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline), SNRIs (venlafaxine, desvenlafaxine, duloxetine); buspirone (5-HT1A partial agonist; second line)

86
Q

hyperaldosteronism

A

spironolactone

87
Q

benign prostatic hyperplasia

A

alpha-1 antagonists, 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors, PDE-5 inhibitors, TURP

88
Q

infertility

A

leuprolide, GnRH (pulsatile), clomiphene

89
Q

breast cancer in postmenopausal women

A

aromatase inhibitor (anastrozole)

90
Q

ER/PR positive breast cancer

A

tamoxifen

91
Q

uterine fibrinoids

A

leuprolide, GnRH (continuous)

92
Q

prostatic adenocarcinoma

A

flutamide, GnRH (continuous), degarelix, ketoconazole

93
Q

medical abortion

A

mifepristone

94
Q

erectile dysfunction

A

sildenafil

95
Q

pulmonary arterial hypertension (idiopathic)

A

sildenafil, bosentan, epoprostenol, iloprost

96
Q

schistosomiasis

A

praziquantel

97
Q

acromegaly

A

pituitary adenoma resection; octreotide (somatostatin analog), pegvisomant (GH receptor antagonist), or cabergoline (dopamine agonist)

98
Q

thyroid storm

A

B-blockers (propranolol), propylthiouracil, glucocorticoids (prednisone), potassium iodide

iodide load => decreased T4 synthesis (Wolff-Chaikoff effect)

99
Q

serotonin syndrome

A

cyproheptadine (antihistamine with antiserotonergic properties)

100
Q

distal esophageal spasm

A

nitrates and calcium channel blockers

101
Q

primary biliary cholangitis

A

ursodiol

102
Q

granulomatosis with polyangiitis

A

glucocorticoids + rituximab or cyclophosphamide

103
Q

Enterovius vermicularis (pinworm)

A

albendazole

104
Q

endometritis

A

gentamicin + clindamycin +/- ampicillin

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