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Step 1 - Quick Decks > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

1st aortic arch derivatives

A

part of maxillary artery (branch of external carotid)

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2
Q

2nd aortic arch derivatives

A

stapedial artery and hyoid artery

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3
Q

3rd aortic arch derivatives

A

common carotid artery and proximal part of internal carotid artery

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4
Q

4th aortic arch derivatives

A

on left, aortic arch; on right, proximal part of subclavian artery

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5
Q

6th aortic arch derivatives

A

proximal part of pulmonary arteries and (on left only) ductus arteriosus

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6
Q

truncus arteriosus gives rise to [?]

A

ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk

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7
Q

bulbus cordis gives rise to [?]

A

smooth parts (outflow tract) of left and right ventricles

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8
Q

primitive ventricle gives rise to [?]

A

trabeculated part of left and right ventricles

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9
Q

primitive atrium gives rise to [?]

A

trabeculated part of left and right atria

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10
Q

left horn of sinus venosus gives rise to [?]

A

coronary sinus

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11
Q

right horn of sinus venosus gives rise to [?]

A

smooth part of right atrium (sinus venarum)

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12
Q

endocardial cushion gives rise to [?]

A

atrial septum, membranous interventricular septum; AV and semilunar valves

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13
Q

right common cardinal vein and right anterior cardinal vein gives rise to [?]

A

superior vena cava

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14
Q

posterior cardinal, subcardinal, and supracardinal veins gives rise to [?]

A

inferior vena cava

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15
Q

primitive pulmonary vein gives rise to [?]

A

smooth part of left atrium

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16
Q

ductus arteriosus postnatal derivative = [?]

A

ligamentum arteriosum

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17
Q

ductus venosus postnatal derivative = [?]

A

ligamentum venosum

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18
Q

foramen ovale postnatal derivative = [?]

A

fossa ovalis

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19
Q

allantois -> urachus postnatal derivative = [?]

A

median umbilical ligament

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20
Q

umbilical arteries postnatal derivative = [?]

A

medial umbilical ligaments

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21
Q

umbilical vein postnatal derivative = [?]

A

ligamentum teres hepatis (round ligament)

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22
Q

embryonic stage of lung development

A

weeks 4-7

lung bud => trachea => bronchial buds => mainstream bronchi => secondary (lobar) bronchi => tertiary (segmental) bronchi

errors at this stage = tracheoesophageal fistula

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23
Q

pseudoglandular stage of lung development

A

weeks 5-17

endodermal tubules => terminal bronchioles

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24
Q

canalicular stage of lung development

A

weeks 16-25

terminal bronchioles => respiratory bronchioles => alveolar ducts; surrounded by prominent capillary network

respiration capable at week 25

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25
Q

saccular stage of lung development

A

week 24-birth

alveolar ducts => terminal sacs (separate by primary septae)

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26
Q

alveolar stage of lung development

A

week 26-8 years

terminal sacs => adult alveoli (secondary septation)

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27
Q

[?] is remnant of thyroglossal duct

A

foramen cecum

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28
Q

[?] presents as an anterior midline neck mass that moves with swallowing or protrusion of the tongue

A

thyroglossal duct cyst

vs. persistent cervical sinus leading to pharyngeal cleft cyst in lateral neck

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29
Q

thyroid follicular cells are derived from [?]; parafollicular cells arise from [?]

A

thyroid follicular cells are derived from endoderm; parafollicular cells arise from 4th pharyngeal pouch

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30
Q

foregut derivatives

A

esophagus to duodenum

supplied by celiac artery and vagus nerve

31
Q

midgut derivatives

A

lower duodenum to proximal 2/3 of transverse colon

supplied by SMA and vagus nerve

32
Q

hindgut derivatives

A

distal 1/3 of transverse colon to anal canal above pectinate line

supplied by IMA and pelvic parasympathetic innervation

33
Q

physiologic herniation of midgut through umbilical ring occurs during [?] week of development

A

6th

34
Q

midgut returns to abdominal cavity + rotates around SMA at [?] week of development

A

10th

35
Q

pancreas (derived from foregut): ventral pancreatic bud contributes to [?]; both ventral and dorsal buds contribute to [?]

A

ventral pancreatic bud contributes to uncinate process; both ventral and dorsal buds contribute to pancreatic head and pain pancreatic duct

36
Q

what are the retroperitoneal structures?

A

SAD PUCKER

suprarenal (adrenal) glands
aorta and IVC
duodenum (2nd-4th parts)
pancreas (except tail)
ureters
colon (descending and ascending)
kidneys
esophagus (thoracic portion)
rectum (partially)

37
Q

branches of celiac trunk include [?]

A

common hepatic, splenic, and left gastric arteries (supply foregut)

38
Q

mutations in sonic hedgehog (SHH) gene result in [?]

A

holoprosencephaly

39
Q

the [?] gene is responsible for anterior-posterior axis patterning and CNS development

A

sonic hedgehog gene

40
Q

the [?] gene is responsible for dorsal-ventral axis patterning and limb development

A

Wnt-7

41
Q

the [?] gene is responsible for limb lengthening, via mitosis of the mesoderm

A

fibroblast growth factor (FGF) gene

42
Q

the [?] gene is responsible for segmental organization in cranial-caudal direction, transcription factor coding

A

homeobox (Hox) genes

43
Q

mutations in homeobox (Hox) genes result in [?]

A

appendages in the wrong locations

44
Q

week [?] = hCG secretion begins

A

week 1 (around the time of blastocyst implantation, day 6)

45
Q

week [?] = formation of bilaminar embryonic disc

A

week 2 (epiblast, hypoblast)

46
Q

week [?] = trilaminar embryonic disc via gastrulation

A

week 3 (endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm)

47
Q

[?] arises from midline mesoderm and induces overlying ectoderm to become neural plate

A

notochord

48
Q

week [?] = heart begins to beat; upper and lower limb buds begin to form

A

week 4

49
Q

week [?] = genitalia have male/female characteristics

A

week 8

50
Q

surface ectoderm derivatives

A

“you CLEAN the surface with SOAP”

anal Canal
lens
epidermis
adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary)
nipple (mammillary gland)
sweat gland
olfactory epithelium
auditory organs
parotid gland

51
Q

neural tube derivatives

A

“a tube of NEASPOREN”

NEural tube
astrocytes
spinal cord
pineal gland
oligodendrocytes
retina
ependymal cells
neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary)

52
Q

neural crest derivatives

A

“SPAMS MOTEL with crest toothpaste”

Schwann cells
PNS
adrenal medulla
myenteric plexus
spiral membrane
melanocytes
odontoblasts
thyroid C-cells
endocardial cushion
laryngeal cartilage

53
Q

mesoderm derivatives

A

musculoskeletal (muscle, bone, connective tissue, serous linings of body cavities [peritoneum, pericardium pleura]), spleen, cardiovascular structures, lymphatics, blood, wall of gut tube, proximal kidneys, adrenal cortex, dermis, testes, ovaries, microglia, dura mater, tracheal cartilage

54
Q

endoderm derivatives

A

gut tube epithelium (including anal canal above pectinate line), most of urethra and distal vaginal, luminal epithelial derivatives (lungs, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, eustachian tube, thymus, parathyroid, thyroid follicular and parafollicular cells)

55
Q

mesoderm defects result in [?]

A

“watch Malcom in the Middle on a CLEAR TV”

cardiac defects
limb defects
esophageal defects
anal atresia
renal defects
tracheal defects
vertebral defects

56
Q

the decidua basalis is derived from [?]

A

maternal endometrium

57
Q

the umbilical cord is composed of [?]

A

two umbilical arteries (return deoxygenated blood from fetal internal iliac arteries to placenta) and one umbilical vein (supplies oxygenated blood from placenta to fetus)

58
Q

the intra-abdominal remnant of allantois is the [?]

A

urachus (a duct between fetal bladder and umbilicus)

59
Q

the [?] connects the yolk sac to the midgut lumen

A

vitelline duct; obliterates during week 7 of development

60
Q

branchial clefts are derived from what embryological layer?

A

ectoderm

61
Q

branchial arches are derived from what embryological layer?

A

mesoderm + neural crest

62
Q

branchial pouches are derived from what embryological layer?

A

endoderm

63
Q

branchial arch/pouch 1 derivatives

A

“M S 2 Problems are Vague”

muscles of mastication
Meckel’s cartilage
maxilla
meatus (external acoustic)
middle ear
mastoid air cells
maxillary artery
mylohyoid
trigeMinal nerve V3

64
Q

branchial arch/pouch 2 derivatives

A

“M S 2 Problems are Vague”

stapes
styloid
stylohyoid
stapedius
smiling (facial nerve)
stapedial artery

65
Q

branchial arch/pouch 3 derivatives

A

“M S 2 Problems are Vague”

stylopharyngeus
glossopharyngeal nerve
Parathyroid glands (inferior)
internal and common parotid arteries (problem if severed)

66
Q

branchial arch/pouch 4/6 derivatives

A

“M S 2 Problems are Vague”

superior laryngeal (4)
recurrent laryngeal (6)

arytenoids, cricoid, corniculate, thyroid, superior parathyroid, ultimobranchial body, parafollicular cells

pulmonary arteries + ductus arteriosus (left)

67
Q

cleft lip is due to failed fusion of the [?]

A

intermaxillary segment (merged medial nasal processes) with the maxillary process (formation of primary palate)

68
Q

cleft palate is due to failed fusion of the [?]

A

two lateral palantine shelves or failure of fusion of lateral palantine shelf with the nasal septem

69
Q

notochord becomes [?] in adults

A

nucleus pulposus of intervertebral disc

70
Q

telencephalon division of prosencephalon: derivatives

A

walls: cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia

cavities: lateral ventricles

71
Q

diencephalon division of prosencephalon: derivatives

A

walls: thalamus, hypothalamus, retina

cavities: third ventricle

72
Q

mesencephalon derivatives

A

walls: midbrain

cavities: cerebral aqueduct

73
Q

metencephalon division of rhombencephalon: derivatives

A

walls: pons, cerebellum

cavities: upper part of fourth ventricle

74
Q

myelencephalon division of rhombencephalon: derivatives

A

walls: medulla

cavities: lower part of fourth ventricle

Step 1 - Quick Decks (18 decks)

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