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Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

1st aortic arch derivatives

A

part of maxillary artery (branch of external carotid)

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2
Q

2nd aortic arch derivatives

A

stapedial artery and hyoid artery

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3
Q

3rd aortic arch derivatives

A

common carotid artery and proximal part of internal carotid artery

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4
Q

4th aortic arch derivatives

A

on left, aortic arch; on right, proximal part of subclavian artery

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5
Q

6th aortic arch derivatives

A

proximal part of pulmonary arteries and (on left only) ductus arteriosus

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6
Q

truncus arteriosus gives rise to [?]

A

ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk

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7
Q

bulbus cordis gives rise to [?]

A

smooth parts (outflow tract) of left and right ventricles

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8
Q

primitive ventricle gives rise to [?]

A

trabeculated part of left and right ventricles

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9
Q

primitive atrium gives rise to [?]

A

trabeculated part of left and right atria

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10
Q

left horn of sinus venosus gives rise to [?]

A

coronary sinus

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11
Q

right horn of sinus venosus gives rise to [?]

A

smooth part of right atrium (sinus venarum)

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12
Q

endocardial cushion gives rise to [?]

A

atrial septum, membranous interventricular septum; AV and semilunar valves

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13
Q

right common cardinal vein and right anterior cardinal vein gives rise to [?]

A

superior vena cava

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14
Q

posterior cardinal, subcardinal, and supracardinal veins gives rise to [?]

A

inferior vena cava

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15
Q

primitive pulmonary vein gives rise to [?]

A

smooth part of left atrium

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16
Q

ductus arteriosus postnatal derivative = [?]

A

ligamentum arteriosum

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17
Q

ductus venosus postnatal derivative = [?]

A

ligamentum venosum

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18
Q

foramen ovale postnatal derivative = [?]

A

fossa ovalis

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19
Q

allantois -> urachus postnatal derivative = [?]

A

median umbilical ligament

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20
Q

umbilical arteries postnatal derivative = [?]

A

medial umbilical ligaments

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21
Q

umbilical vein postnatal derivative = [?]

A

ligamentum teres hepatis (round ligament)

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22
Q

embryonic stage of lung development

A

weeks 4-7

lung bud => trachea => bronchial buds => mainstream bronchi => secondary (lobar) bronchi => tertiary (segmental) bronchi

errors at this stage = tracheoesophageal fistula

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23
Q

pseudoglandular stage of lung development

A

weeks 5-17

endodermal tubules => terminal bronchioles

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24
Q

canalicular stage of lung development

A

weeks 16-25

terminal bronchioles => respiratory bronchioles => alveolar ducts; surrounded by prominent capillary network

respiration capable at week 25

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25
saccular stage of lung development
week 24-birth alveolar ducts => terminal sacs (separate by primary septae)
26
alveolar stage of lung development
week 26-8 years terminal sacs => adult alveoli (secondary septation)
27
[?] is remnant of thyroglossal duct
foramen cecum
28
[?] presents as an anterior midline neck mass that moves with swallowing or protrusion of the tongue
thyroglossal duct cyst vs. persistent cervical sinus leading to pharyngeal cleft cyst in lateral neck
29
thyroid follicular cells are derived from [?]; parafollicular cells arise from [?]
thyroid follicular cells are derived from endoderm; parafollicular cells arise from 4th pharyngeal pouch
30
foregut derivatives
esophagus to duodenum supplied by celiac artery and vagus nerve
31
midgut derivatives
lower duodenum to proximal 2/3 of transverse colon supplied by SMA and vagus nerve
32
hindgut derivatives
distal 1/3 of transverse colon to anal canal above pectinate line supplied by IMA and pelvic parasympathetic innervation
33
physiologic herniation of midgut through umbilical ring occurs during [?] week of development
6th
34
midgut returns to abdominal cavity + rotates around SMA at [?] week of development
10th
35
pancreas (derived from foregut): ventral pancreatic bud contributes to [?]; both ventral and dorsal buds contribute to [?]
ventral pancreatic bud contributes to uncinate process; both ventral and dorsal buds contribute to pancreatic head and pain pancreatic duct
36
what are the retroperitoneal structures?
SAD PUCKER suprarenal (adrenal) glands aorta and IVC duodenum (2nd-4th parts) pancreas (except tail) ureters colon (descending and ascending) kidneys esophagus (thoracic portion) rectum (partially)
37
branches of celiac trunk include [?]
common hepatic, splenic, and left gastric arteries (supply foregut)
38
mutations in sonic hedgehog (SHH) gene result in [?]
holoprosencephaly
39
the [?] gene is responsible for anterior-posterior axis patterning and CNS development
sonic hedgehog gene
40
the [?] gene is responsible for dorsal-ventral axis patterning and limb development
Wnt-7
41
the [?] gene is responsible for limb lengthening, via mitosis of the mesoderm
fibroblast growth factor (FGF) gene
42
the [?] gene is responsible for segmental organization in cranial-caudal direction, transcription factor coding
homeobox (Hox) genes
43
mutations in homeobox (Hox) genes result in [?]
appendages in the wrong locations
44
week [?] = hCG secretion begins
week 1 (around the time of blastocyst implantation, day 6)
45
week [?] = formation of bilaminar embryonic disc
week 2 (epiblast, hypoblast)
46
week [?] = trilaminar embryonic disc via gastrulation
week 3 (endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm)
47
[?] arises from midline mesoderm and induces overlying ectoderm to become neural plate
notochord
48
week [?] = heart begins to beat; upper and lower limb buds begin to form
week 4
49
week [?] = genitalia have male/female characteristics
week 8
50
surface ectoderm derivatives
"you CLEAN the surface with SOAP" anal Canal lens epidermis adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary) nipple (mammillary gland) sweat gland olfactory epithelium auditory organs parotid gland
51
neural tube derivatives
"a tube of NEASPOREN" NEural tube astrocytes spinal cord pineal gland oligodendrocytes retina ependymal cells neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary)
52
neural crest derivatives
"SPAMS MOTEL with crest toothpaste" Schwann cells PNS adrenal medulla myenteric plexus spiral membrane melanocytes odontoblasts thyroid C-cells endocardial cushion laryngeal cartilage
53
mesoderm derivatives
**musculoskeletal** (muscle, bone, connective tissue, serous linings of body cavities [peritoneum, pericardium pleura]), **spleen, cardiovascular structures, lymphatics, blood, wall of gut tube,** proximal kidneys, adrenal cortex, dermis, **testes, ovaries**, microglia, dura mater, tracheal cartilage
54
endoderm derivatives
**gut tube epithelium** (including anal canal above pectinate line), most of urethra and distal vaginal, luminal epithelial derivatives **(lungs, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, eustachian tube, thymus, parathyroid, thyroid follicular and parafollicular cells)**
55
mesoderm defects result in [?]
"watch Malcom in the Middle on a CLEAR TV" cardiac defects limb defects esophageal defects anal atresia renal defects tracheal defects vertebral defects
56
the decidua basalis is derived from [?]
maternal endometrium
57
the umbilical cord is composed of [?]
**two umbilical arteries** (return deoxygenated blood from fetal internal iliac arteries to placenta) and **one umbilical vein** (supplies oxygenated blood from placenta to fetus)
58
the intra-abdominal remnant of allantois is the [?]
urachus (a duct between **fetal bladder** and umbilicus)
59
the [?] connects the yolk sac to the midgut lumen
vitelline duct; obliterates during week 7 of development
60
branchial clefts are derived from what embryological layer?
ectoderm
61
branchial arches are derived from what embryological layer?
mesoderm + neural crest
62
branchial pouches are derived from what embryological layer?
endoderm
63
branchial arch/pouch 1 derivatives
"**M** S 2 Problems are Vague" muscles of mastication Meckel's cartilage maxilla meatus (external acoustic) middle ear mastoid air cells **maxillary artery** mylohyoid **trigeMinal nerve V3**
64
branchial arch/pouch 2 derivatives
"M **S 2** Problems are Vague" stapes styloid stylohyoid stapedius smiling **(facial nerve)** **stapedial artery**
65
branchial arch/pouch 3 derivatives
"M S 2 **Problems** are Vague" stylo**pharyngeus** glosso**pharyngeal** nerve Parathyroid glands (inferior) **internal and common parotid arteries** (problem if severed)
66
branchial arch/pouch 4/6 derivatives
"M S 2 Problems are **Vague**" superior laryngeal (4) recurrent laryngeal (6) arytenoids, cricoid, corniculate, thyroid, superior parathyroid, ultimobranchial body, parafollicular cells pulmonary arteries + ductus arteriosus (left)
67
cleft lip is due to failed fusion of the [?]
**intermaxillary segment** (merged medial nasal processes) with the **maxillary process** (formation of primary palate)
68
cleft palate is due to failed fusion of the [?]
**two lateral palantine shelves** or failure of fusion of **lateral palantine shelf with the nasal septem**
69
notochord becomes [?] in adults
nucleus pulposus of intervertebral disc
70
telencephalon division of prosencephalon: derivatives
walls: cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia cavities: lateral ventricles
71
diencephalon division of prosencephalon: derivatives
walls: thalamus, hypothalamus, retina cavities: third ventricle
72
mesencephalon derivatives
walls: midbrain cavities: cerebral aqueduct
73
metencephalon division of rhombencephalon: derivatives
walls: pons, cerebellum cavities: upper part of fourth ventricle
74
myelencephalon division of rhombencephalon: derivatives
walls: medulla cavities: lower part of fourth ventricle

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